Download Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land

Order of events – Qtr 3
Evolution & Classification
Intro to Evolution Quiz – Thurs, 1/31 & Fri, 2/1
Week #4 (1/28 – 2/1)
Warm Up – Mon, 1/28:
- None
Biology Fun Fact:
While other primates are furry,
human skin is exposed to the elements. It’s not that we’re
‘naked’ – our hair is just really short over much of our bodies.
In the warm places where our
ancestors lived, evaporation of
sweat from skin was a great
benefit in cooling our bodies. Our
brain runs so ‘hot’ that sweating &
cooling proved vital for evolving our
big brain.
Agenda:
1.
2.
Finish Organizing Life
Begin Analyzing Adaptations & Comparing Limb
Structure/Function activities
Pick up:
Analyzing Adaptations
 Comparing Limb
Structure & Function
Homework:
1. Genetics (Pg. 21) &
Evolution Unit (Pg.
33) Title Pages
2. Tape Roadmap for
Success to front of
Sci. Ntbk!!!
3. Intro to Evolution
Quiz – Tues, 2/5
Unit Learning Goal: Students will understand the scientific principles &
processes involved in biological evolution.
Unity Week Schedule
Today, Mon, 1/28 – Per. 1- 6
Tomorrow, Tues, 1/29 – Per. 1, 3, 5
Wed, 1/30 – Per. 2, 4, 6 (Unity Assembly during Per. 2)
Thurs, 1/31 – Per. 2, 4, 6
Fri, 2/1 – Per. 1, 3, 5
Pg. 36 – “Spontaneous Generation Experiments”
Scientist
Hypothesis
Description of
Experiment
Per. 6 start, Mon
Results
Conclusion
The uncovered
jars had
maggots & the
covered ones
didn’t
Spontaneous
generation does
not occur.
Redi
Maggots
developed from
eggs of flies
Needham
Microorganisms Boiled chicken Microorganisms
were produced
broth; put in
grew
spontaneously flask & sealed it.
Spontaneous
generation occurs
in
microorganisms.
Spallazani
Microorganisms
No
are produced by Sealed flask of
chicken broth took microorganisms
other
out air & boiled it
grew
microorgansisms
Spontaneous
generation does
not occur.
Pasteur
4 jars with meat:
2 covered with
cheese cloth & 2
open
Boiled chicken
Microorganisms
No
broth in flask &
are produced by curved neck into microorganisms
other
grew
sideways “S”
microorgansisms
shape.
Summary of Conclusions: ????
Spontaneous
generation
does not
occur.
Pg. 36 – “Spontaneous Generation Experiments”
Per. 3 start, Mon
SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS:
Spontaneous generation disproved
The New hypothesis:
Biogenesis: all living things
come from other living
things
Pg. 35 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes”
Pg. 35 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes”
Organizing Life
SPECIES:
a group of organisms that can breed & produce
fertile offspring
QUESTION:
Can 2
different
species mate
& produce an
offspring?
THIS IS A LIGER
Offspring of a male lion & female tiger
THIS IS A MULE
Offspring of a male donkey & female
horse
The Liger…
Male lion &
female tiger
Like most
hybrids they
are sterile
However, an
occasional
female has
been found
which can
reproduce.
No fertile
males have
been found.
Pg. 35 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes”
Per. 2 start
Organizing Life
POPULATION:
a group of organisms of the same species who live
in the same area at the same time.
Pg. 35 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes”
Life’s Adjustments
ADAPTATION:
any inherited characteristic
that increases an organism’s
chance of surviving in a
particular environment
FITNESS:
an organism’s
ability to
survive &
reproduce in
an
environment
Pg. 64 – “Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land”
Pg. 65 – “Comparing Limb Structure & Function”
Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land &
Comparing Limb Structure & Function
observational labs
DISCLAIMER!!!!
You are NOT writing a Lab Report on
this lab…
BUT…I will be collecting 1 group
member’s handout (with all names on
it) for each lab for 2 LAB GRADES!!!
What does this tell you???
Pg. 64 – “Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land”
Pg. 65 – “Comparing Limb Structure & Function”
Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land &
Comparing Limb Structure & Function
observational labs
Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land:
In your groups, you will travel between 4 stations to
observe 8 different species.
Discuss & identify on your wkst:
• What kind of habitat (aquatic or terrestrial) each live in,
• Observable structural features of each organism &
• How those features are adaptations for life on land.
Study & analyze each of your 8 species & their
adaptations.
Discuss & answer (in COMPLETE, THOUGHTFUL,
THOROUGH SENTENCES) each of the Analysis &
Conclusion Questions.
Pg. 64 – “Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land”
Pg. 65 – “Comparing Limb Structure & Function”
Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land &
Comparing Limb Structure & Function
observational labs
Comparing Limb Structure & Function:
In your groups, discuss the similarities & differences
between the limbs of the different organisms.
Identify on your wkst:
• The approximate number of bones in the upper & lower limbs
& record in the data table
• The function of the limbs of each organism.
Study & analyze the data collected about each of your 8
species.
Discuss & answer (in COMPLETE, THOUGHTFUL,
THOROUGH SENTENCES) each of the Analysis & Conclusion
Questions.
Week #4 (1/28 – 2/1)
Warm Up – Tues, 1/29 & Wed, 1/30:
- None
Biology Fun Fact:
The platypus is a creature with amazing features which are seen in diverse
species: mammals (mammary glands, 3 ear bones, tail & fur), reptiles (egg
laying, poison & spurs for defense), birds
(bill, webbed feet) & fish (electro receptor in
bill which allows to catch prey under water
with eyes closed, has large vocal range). The
platypus is designed for feeding & swimming
in water, but lives on land in burrows it digs
with its claws & can feed on insects & other
land creatures.
Agenda:
1. “What Darwin Never Knew” video &
questionnaire (~2 hrs)
Pick up:
Video questionnaire
Homework:
1. Genetics (Pg. 21) &
Evolution Unit (Pg.
33) Title Pages
2. Tape Roadmap for
Success to front of
Sci. Ntbk!!!
3. Intro to Evolution
Quiz – Tues, 2/5
(MOVED)
4. Evolution Creative
project – Fri, 2/8
Unit Learning Goal: Students will understand the scientific principles &
processes involved in biological evolution.
Unity Week Schedule
Today, Tues, 1/29 – Per. 1, 3 5
Wed, 1/30 – Per. 2, 4, 6 (Unity Assembly during Per. 2)
Tomorrow, Thurs, 1/31 – Per. 2, 4, 6
Fri, 2/1 – Per. 1, 3, 5
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=NOH
zY1fuOz4 - video link (~2 hrs)
As you watch the video, listen & look for answers to the video
questions. This will be collected at the end of the period for
credit.
Week #4 (1/28 – 2/1)
Warm Up – Thurs, 1/31 & Fri, 2/1:
Pick up:
- AIMS Warm-up: Examples of Evolution (Pg. 39)
Examples of Evolution
(Pg. 39)
Biology Fun Fact:
Homework:
Panspermia is the idea that microorganisms,
spores or bacteria attached to tiny particles
of matter have traveled through space,
landing on a suitable planet & initiating the
rise of life there. Lord Kelvin first
suggested this scientific hypothesis in the mid 1800s.
1. Genetics (Pg. 21) &
Evolution Unit (Pg.
33) Title Pages
2. Tape/glue Roadmap
for Success to front
of Sci. Ntbk!!!
3. Intro to Evolution
Quiz – Tues, 2/5
(MOVED)
4. Evolution Creative
project – Fri, 2/8
Agenda:
1.
2.
3.
Finish & discuss Analyzing Adaptations &
Comparing Limb Structure/Function activities
Finish “What Darwin Never Knew” video & collect
questionnaire
Discuss Evolution Creative project
Unit Learning Goal: Students will understand the scientific principles &
processes involved in biological evolution.
Unity Week Schedule
Today, Thurs, 1/31 – Per. 2, 4, 6
Fri, 2/1 – Per. 1, 3, 5
What Darwin Never Knew - video link (~2 hrs)
As you watch the video, listen & look for answers to the
video questions. This will be collected at the end of the
period for credit.
Pg. 64 – “Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land”
Pg. 65 – “Comparing Limb Structure & Function”
Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land &
Comparing Limb Structure & Function
observational labs
DISCLAIMER!!!!
You are NOT writing a Lab Report on
this lab…
BUT…I will be collecting 1 group
member’s handout (with all names on
it) for each lab for 2 LAB GRADES!!!
What does this tell you???
Pg. 64 – “Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land”
Pg. 65 – “Comparing Limb Structure & Function”
Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land &
Comparing Limb Structure & Function
observational labs
Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land:
In your groups, you will travel between 4 stations to
observe 8 different species.
Discuss & identify on your wkst:
• What kind of habitat (aquatic or terrestrial) each live in,
• Observable structural features of each organism &
• How those features are adaptations for life on land.
Study & analyze each of your 8 species & their
adaptations.
Discuss & answer (in COMPLETE, THOUGHTFUL,
THOROUGH SENTENCES) each of the Analysis &
Conclusion Questions.
Pg. 64 – “Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land”
Pg. 65 – “Comparing Limb Structure & Function”
Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land &
Comparing Limb Structure & Function
observational labs
Comparing Limb Structure & Function:
In your groups, discuss the similarities & differences
between the limbs of the different organisms.
Identify on your wkst:
• The approximate number of bones in the upper & lower limbs
& record in the data table
• The function of the limbs of each organism.
Study & analyze the data collected about each of your 8
species.
Discuss & answer (in COMPLETE, THOUGHTFUL,
THOROUGH SENTENCES) each of the Analysis & Conclusion
Questions.
Pg. 64 – “Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land”
Pg. 65 – “Comparing Limb Structure & Function”
Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land &
Comparing Limb Structure & Function
observational labs
Let’s discuss…
Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land
Comparing Limb Structure & Function
Pg. 64 – “Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land”
Pg. 65 – “Comparing Limb Structure & Function”
Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land &
Comparing Limb Structure & Function
observational labs
Since our Fun Fact last time was about
human hair, the group members with
the most/longest hair in your group will
be turning in YOUR GROUP’S WKSTS
for 2 Lab Grades!
Make sure ALL MEMBER’S NAMES are
on 1 wkst for each lab & turn in to the
Hmwk Bin!
Taking the place of 1 Quiz grade will be a “creative assignment”. Here
are your 2 options:
Choose 1 of the following options to complete:
Amazing, Adorable Adaptations
OR
Darwin vs. Lamarck Comic Strip
EVOLUTION CREATIVE
PROJECT
Homework (takes place of Quiz grade): due Fri, 2/8
OPTION 1: Amazing, Adorable Adaptations
Create an environment & organism (that don’t already
exist)
1. Draw & name the environment on the front side of your
paper (use at least 4 colors & your imagination)
2. On the back side of your paper, describe the environment
(temperature, plant life, atmosphere, soil type, etc)
3. On the front side, now create & name an organism that
lives in your environment
Draw your organism inside your environment
On the back side of your paper, list the following:
 2 Structural Adaptations
 2 Behavioral Adaptations
 2 Physiological Adaptations
Explain in detail how these 6 adaptations have increased the fitness of
your organism.
“Land of Oogley-Boogley”
Ciliasquibble
“Land of Oogley-Boogley”
This environment is very…(describe the temperature,
plant life, atmosphere, soil type, etc.)
Ciliasquibble has the following adaptations:
2 Structural Adaptations –
Long hair...so that it can…protect itself from the
sun’s damaging radiation.
???...so that it can…???
2 Behavioral Adaptations
???...so that it can…???
???...so that it can…???
2 Physiological Adaptations
???...so that it can…???
???...so that it can…???
OPTION 2: Darwin vs. Lamarck cartoon
Pick an animal (that’s real).
Create a comic strip of the following:
1. Show how your animal may have evolved by way of
Lamarck’s theory of acquired traits.
2. Show how this same animal may have evolved by way of
Darwin’s theory of natural selection.
- Comic strips need to include:
- pictures,
- conversation bubbles &/or captions with content in them &
- color, creativity & originality.
Choose 1 of the Options to complete! 30 pts
(Quiz grade)
Pg. 37 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes”
TYPES OF ADAPTATIONS
• Structural
• Physiological
• Behavioral
Let’s look at each type as we consider 2 species:
the tundra & icecap-dwelling arctic fox & the
desert dwelling fennec fox.
Pg. 37 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes”
arctic fox (Alopex lagopus)
fennec fox (Vulpes zerda)
Structural Adaptation: physical appearance of an
organism
EX: Big ears & small ears of foxes.
• Large ears allow heat to escape easily from the blood vessels near the
surface – cooler blood keeps fennec fox from overheating
• Small ears prevent arctic fox from losing heat
QUESTION:
An arctic fox can
weigh as much as
8kg. A fennec fox
weighs at most 1.5kg.
Make a claim for how this difference in
mass is a structural adaptation to the
foxes’ respective environments.
ANSWER:
The large size of the arctic fox allows it to
retain more heat than the smaller fennec fox.
Pg. 37 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes”
Physiological Adaptation: related to biochemical
processes at work within an organism’s body
Compare the processing of food & water:
Arctic fox: food is scarce in winter; effective at storing
food energy as fat.
Fennec fox: little free water available; adapted to get
all moisture it needs from fruits, roots, & leaves.
Pg. 37 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes”
Behavioral Adaptation: innate (inherited) actions
that individuals of a species do
Arctic fox:
Can be active any time of the day; ready to find food
whenever available.
Fennec fox:
Is nocturnal; sleeps during the day & hunts at night
QUESTION:
A fennec fox
raised in captivity
away from other
fennecs will try to dig a burrow in its
cage. Explain why burrow-digging is an
innate behavior, not a learned behavior.
ANSWER:
The behavior is instinctive because the
fennec fox did not have to be taught the
behavior by another fennec fox.
Pg. 37 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes”
Adaptations Work Together
Adaptations work together to produce a specific
fit for surviving in a particular environment.
Example of fennec fox: The big ears (structural) cool fox &
gives acute hearing which helps when fox hunts at night
(behavioral) & the fox has special retina (physiological) that
gives the fox night vision.
Pg. 64 – “Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land”
Pg. 65 – “Comparing Limb Structure & Function”
Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land &
Comparing Limb Structure & Function
observational labs
Let’s connect…
Where did you see Structural, Behavioral or
Physiological adaptations in the organisms you
studied?
Week #4 (1/28 – 2/1)
Warm Up – Fri, 2/1:
- Process of Natural Selection wkst (Pg. 43)
Biology Fun Fact:
Pick up:
 Theory Comparison
wkst
 Process of Natural
Selection wkst
The Red Queen hypothesis (law of constant extinction)
suggests that an evolutionary
advance by one species
represents a deterioration of
the environment for all
remaining species. The
other have to “keep up with
the times or they will die off!
Homework:
Agenda:
4.
1.
2.
Types of Adaptations notes
Natural Selection & Theory Comparison notes
1.
2.
3.
5.
Genetics (Pg. 21) &
Evolution Unit (Pg. 33)
Title Pages
Tape/glue Roadmap for
Success to Sci. Ntbk!!!
Intro to Evolution Quiz –
Tues, 2/5 (MOVED)
Theory Comparison wkst
– Wed, 2/6 & Thurs, 2/7
Evolution Creative
project – Fri, 2/8
Unit Learning Goal: Students will understand the scientific principles &
processes involved in biological evolution.
Unity Week Schedule
Today, Fri, 2/1 – Per. 1, 3, 5
Pg. 40 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes”
When looking at
several adaptations
over time, a species is
seen to
EVOLVE!!!!!!!!!!
Pg. 40 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes”
EVOLUTION
Genetic change in a species
over time
How does this happen?
The following scientists came
up with possible hypotheses:
• Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
• Charles Darwin
• Alfred Russell Wallace
Pg. 40 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes”
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
1744-1829
First to hypothesize about species
modification
His hypothesis was that evolution
occurred by inheritance of “acquired
traits”
Not determined by genes
Individuals acquire characteristics during
their lifetime & pass them on to their
offspring
Example: giraffes acquire long necks
by stretching them to reach leaves
Lamarck’s Hypothesis
Pg. 40 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes”
CHARLES DARWIN
1809-1882
 Darwin agreed with Lamarck about species
modification but disagreed with how it
occurred.
 Hypothesis: selection acts on a variation
already present
 Darwin believed giraffes had various sizes
of necks & the environment selected the
characteristic that was best suited
(beneficial)
 Giraffes with longer necks were the ones that
survived & passed on their genes
 Variation (neck size) happens through
random mutation, not created by experience
Pg. 40 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes”
Darwin’s hypothesis became known as:
Evolution by Natural Selection
HOW DID DARWIN
COME UP WITH HIS
HYPOTHESIS???
Pg. 40 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes”
Darwin’s Voyage (1831) on the
HMS Beagle
5-yr voyage around the world
Galapagos Islands