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Order of events – Qtr 3 Evolution & Classification Intro to Evolution Quiz – Thurs, 1/31 & Fri, 2/1 Week #4 (1/28 – 2/1) Warm Up – Mon, 1/28: - None Biology Fun Fact: While other primates are furry, human skin is exposed to the elements. It’s not that we’re ‘naked’ – our hair is just really short over much of our bodies. In the warm places where our ancestors lived, evaporation of sweat from skin was a great benefit in cooling our bodies. Our brain runs so ‘hot’ that sweating & cooling proved vital for evolving our big brain. Agenda: 1. 2. Finish Organizing Life Begin Analyzing Adaptations & Comparing Limb Structure/Function activities Pick up: Analyzing Adaptations Comparing Limb Structure & Function Homework: 1. Genetics (Pg. 21) & Evolution Unit (Pg. 33) Title Pages 2. Tape Roadmap for Success to front of Sci. Ntbk!!! 3. Intro to Evolution Quiz – Tues, 2/5 Unit Learning Goal: Students will understand the scientific principles & processes involved in biological evolution. Unity Week Schedule Today, Mon, 1/28 – Per. 1- 6 Tomorrow, Tues, 1/29 – Per. 1, 3, 5 Wed, 1/30 – Per. 2, 4, 6 (Unity Assembly during Per. 2) Thurs, 1/31 – Per. 2, 4, 6 Fri, 2/1 – Per. 1, 3, 5 Pg. 36 – “Spontaneous Generation Experiments” Scientist Hypothesis Description of Experiment Per. 6 start, Mon Results Conclusion The uncovered jars had maggots & the covered ones didn’t Spontaneous generation does not occur. Redi Maggots developed from eggs of flies Needham Microorganisms Boiled chicken Microorganisms were produced broth; put in grew spontaneously flask & sealed it. Spontaneous generation occurs in microorganisms. Spallazani Microorganisms No are produced by Sealed flask of chicken broth took microorganisms other out air & boiled it grew microorgansisms Spontaneous generation does not occur. Pasteur 4 jars with meat: 2 covered with cheese cloth & 2 open Boiled chicken Microorganisms No broth in flask & are produced by curved neck into microorganisms other grew sideways “S” microorgansisms shape. Summary of Conclusions: ???? Spontaneous generation does not occur. Pg. 36 – “Spontaneous Generation Experiments” Per. 3 start, Mon SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous generation disproved The New hypothesis: Biogenesis: all living things come from other living things Pg. 35 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes” Pg. 35 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes” Organizing Life SPECIES: a group of organisms that can breed & produce fertile offspring QUESTION: Can 2 different species mate & produce an offspring? THIS IS A LIGER Offspring of a male lion & female tiger THIS IS A MULE Offspring of a male donkey & female horse The Liger… Male lion & female tiger Like most hybrids they are sterile However, an occasional female has been found which can reproduce. No fertile males have been found. Pg. 35 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes” Per. 2 start Organizing Life POPULATION: a group of organisms of the same species who live in the same area at the same time. Pg. 35 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes” Life’s Adjustments ADAPTATION: any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of surviving in a particular environment FITNESS: an organism’s ability to survive & reproduce in an environment Pg. 64 – “Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land” Pg. 65 – “Comparing Limb Structure & Function” Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land & Comparing Limb Structure & Function observational labs DISCLAIMER!!!! You are NOT writing a Lab Report on this lab… BUT…I will be collecting 1 group member’s handout (with all names on it) for each lab for 2 LAB GRADES!!! What does this tell you??? Pg. 64 – “Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land” Pg. 65 – “Comparing Limb Structure & Function” Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land & Comparing Limb Structure & Function observational labs Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land: In your groups, you will travel between 4 stations to observe 8 different species. Discuss & identify on your wkst: • What kind of habitat (aquatic or terrestrial) each live in, • Observable structural features of each organism & • How those features are adaptations for life on land. Study & analyze each of your 8 species & their adaptations. Discuss & answer (in COMPLETE, THOUGHTFUL, THOROUGH SENTENCES) each of the Analysis & Conclusion Questions. Pg. 64 – “Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land” Pg. 65 – “Comparing Limb Structure & Function” Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land & Comparing Limb Structure & Function observational labs Comparing Limb Structure & Function: In your groups, discuss the similarities & differences between the limbs of the different organisms. Identify on your wkst: • The approximate number of bones in the upper & lower limbs & record in the data table • The function of the limbs of each organism. Study & analyze the data collected about each of your 8 species. Discuss & answer (in COMPLETE, THOUGHTFUL, THOROUGH SENTENCES) each of the Analysis & Conclusion Questions. Week #4 (1/28 – 2/1) Warm Up – Tues, 1/29 & Wed, 1/30: - None Biology Fun Fact: The platypus is a creature with amazing features which are seen in diverse species: mammals (mammary glands, 3 ear bones, tail & fur), reptiles (egg laying, poison & spurs for defense), birds (bill, webbed feet) & fish (electro receptor in bill which allows to catch prey under water with eyes closed, has large vocal range). The platypus is designed for feeding & swimming in water, but lives on land in burrows it digs with its claws & can feed on insects & other land creatures. Agenda: 1. “What Darwin Never Knew” video & questionnaire (~2 hrs) Pick up: Video questionnaire Homework: 1. Genetics (Pg. 21) & Evolution Unit (Pg. 33) Title Pages 2. Tape Roadmap for Success to front of Sci. Ntbk!!! 3. Intro to Evolution Quiz – Tues, 2/5 (MOVED) 4. Evolution Creative project – Fri, 2/8 Unit Learning Goal: Students will understand the scientific principles & processes involved in biological evolution. Unity Week Schedule Today, Tues, 1/29 – Per. 1, 3 5 Wed, 1/30 – Per. 2, 4, 6 (Unity Assembly during Per. 2) Tomorrow, Thurs, 1/31 – Per. 2, 4, 6 Fri, 2/1 – Per. 1, 3, 5 http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=NOH zY1fuOz4 - video link (~2 hrs) As you watch the video, listen & look for answers to the video questions. This will be collected at the end of the period for credit. Week #4 (1/28 – 2/1) Warm Up – Thurs, 1/31 & Fri, 2/1: Pick up: - AIMS Warm-up: Examples of Evolution (Pg. 39) Examples of Evolution (Pg. 39) Biology Fun Fact: Homework: Panspermia is the idea that microorganisms, spores or bacteria attached to tiny particles of matter have traveled through space, landing on a suitable planet & initiating the rise of life there. Lord Kelvin first suggested this scientific hypothesis in the mid 1800s. 1. Genetics (Pg. 21) & Evolution Unit (Pg. 33) Title Pages 2. Tape/glue Roadmap for Success to front of Sci. Ntbk!!! 3. Intro to Evolution Quiz – Tues, 2/5 (MOVED) 4. Evolution Creative project – Fri, 2/8 Agenda: 1. 2. 3. Finish & discuss Analyzing Adaptations & Comparing Limb Structure/Function activities Finish “What Darwin Never Knew” video & collect questionnaire Discuss Evolution Creative project Unit Learning Goal: Students will understand the scientific principles & processes involved in biological evolution. Unity Week Schedule Today, Thurs, 1/31 – Per. 2, 4, 6 Fri, 2/1 – Per. 1, 3, 5 What Darwin Never Knew - video link (~2 hrs) As you watch the video, listen & look for answers to the video questions. This will be collected at the end of the period for credit. Pg. 64 – “Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land” Pg. 65 – “Comparing Limb Structure & Function” Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land & Comparing Limb Structure & Function observational labs DISCLAIMER!!!! You are NOT writing a Lab Report on this lab… BUT…I will be collecting 1 group member’s handout (with all names on it) for each lab for 2 LAB GRADES!!! What does this tell you??? Pg. 64 – “Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land” Pg. 65 – “Comparing Limb Structure & Function” Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land & Comparing Limb Structure & Function observational labs Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land: In your groups, you will travel between 4 stations to observe 8 different species. Discuss & identify on your wkst: • What kind of habitat (aquatic or terrestrial) each live in, • Observable structural features of each organism & • How those features are adaptations for life on land. Study & analyze each of your 8 species & their adaptations. Discuss & answer (in COMPLETE, THOUGHTFUL, THOROUGH SENTENCES) each of the Analysis & Conclusion Questions. Pg. 64 – “Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land” Pg. 65 – “Comparing Limb Structure & Function” Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land & Comparing Limb Structure & Function observational labs Comparing Limb Structure & Function: In your groups, discuss the similarities & differences between the limbs of the different organisms. Identify on your wkst: • The approximate number of bones in the upper & lower limbs & record in the data table • The function of the limbs of each organism. Study & analyze the data collected about each of your 8 species. Discuss & answer (in COMPLETE, THOUGHTFUL, THOROUGH SENTENCES) each of the Analysis & Conclusion Questions. Pg. 64 – “Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land” Pg. 65 – “Comparing Limb Structure & Function” Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land & Comparing Limb Structure & Function observational labs Let’s discuss… Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land Comparing Limb Structure & Function Pg. 64 – “Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land” Pg. 65 – “Comparing Limb Structure & Function” Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land & Comparing Limb Structure & Function observational labs Since our Fun Fact last time was about human hair, the group members with the most/longest hair in your group will be turning in YOUR GROUP’S WKSTS for 2 Lab Grades! Make sure ALL MEMBER’S NAMES are on 1 wkst for each lab & turn in to the Hmwk Bin! Taking the place of 1 Quiz grade will be a “creative assignment”. Here are your 2 options: Choose 1 of the following options to complete: Amazing, Adorable Adaptations OR Darwin vs. Lamarck Comic Strip EVOLUTION CREATIVE PROJECT Homework (takes place of Quiz grade): due Fri, 2/8 OPTION 1: Amazing, Adorable Adaptations Create an environment & organism (that don’t already exist) 1. Draw & name the environment on the front side of your paper (use at least 4 colors & your imagination) 2. On the back side of your paper, describe the environment (temperature, plant life, atmosphere, soil type, etc) 3. On the front side, now create & name an organism that lives in your environment Draw your organism inside your environment On the back side of your paper, list the following: 2 Structural Adaptations 2 Behavioral Adaptations 2 Physiological Adaptations Explain in detail how these 6 adaptations have increased the fitness of your organism. “Land of Oogley-Boogley” Ciliasquibble “Land of Oogley-Boogley” This environment is very…(describe the temperature, plant life, atmosphere, soil type, etc.) Ciliasquibble has the following adaptations: 2 Structural Adaptations – Long hair...so that it can…protect itself from the sun’s damaging radiation. ???...so that it can…??? 2 Behavioral Adaptations ???...so that it can…??? ???...so that it can…??? 2 Physiological Adaptations ???...so that it can…??? ???...so that it can…??? OPTION 2: Darwin vs. Lamarck cartoon Pick an animal (that’s real). Create a comic strip of the following: 1. Show how your animal may have evolved by way of Lamarck’s theory of acquired traits. 2. Show how this same animal may have evolved by way of Darwin’s theory of natural selection. - Comic strips need to include: - pictures, - conversation bubbles &/or captions with content in them & - color, creativity & originality. Choose 1 of the Options to complete! 30 pts (Quiz grade) Pg. 37 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes” TYPES OF ADAPTATIONS • Structural • Physiological • Behavioral Let’s look at each type as we consider 2 species: the tundra & icecap-dwelling arctic fox & the desert dwelling fennec fox. Pg. 37 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes” arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) fennec fox (Vulpes zerda) Structural Adaptation: physical appearance of an organism EX: Big ears & small ears of foxes. • Large ears allow heat to escape easily from the blood vessels near the surface – cooler blood keeps fennec fox from overheating • Small ears prevent arctic fox from losing heat QUESTION: An arctic fox can weigh as much as 8kg. A fennec fox weighs at most 1.5kg. Make a claim for how this difference in mass is a structural adaptation to the foxes’ respective environments. ANSWER: The large size of the arctic fox allows it to retain more heat than the smaller fennec fox. Pg. 37 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes” Physiological Adaptation: related to biochemical processes at work within an organism’s body Compare the processing of food & water: Arctic fox: food is scarce in winter; effective at storing food energy as fat. Fennec fox: little free water available; adapted to get all moisture it needs from fruits, roots, & leaves. Pg. 37 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes” Behavioral Adaptation: innate (inherited) actions that individuals of a species do Arctic fox: Can be active any time of the day; ready to find food whenever available. Fennec fox: Is nocturnal; sleeps during the day & hunts at night QUESTION: A fennec fox raised in captivity away from other fennecs will try to dig a burrow in its cage. Explain why burrow-digging is an innate behavior, not a learned behavior. ANSWER: The behavior is instinctive because the fennec fox did not have to be taught the behavior by another fennec fox. Pg. 37 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes” Adaptations Work Together Adaptations work together to produce a specific fit for surviving in a particular environment. Example of fennec fox: The big ears (structural) cool fox & gives acute hearing which helps when fox hunts at night (behavioral) & the fox has special retina (physiological) that gives the fox night vision. Pg. 64 – “Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land” Pg. 65 – “Comparing Limb Structure & Function” Analyzing Adaptations: Living of Land & Comparing Limb Structure & Function observational labs Let’s connect… Where did you see Structural, Behavioral or Physiological adaptations in the organisms you studied? Week #4 (1/28 – 2/1) Warm Up – Fri, 2/1: - Process of Natural Selection wkst (Pg. 43) Biology Fun Fact: Pick up: Theory Comparison wkst Process of Natural Selection wkst The Red Queen hypothesis (law of constant extinction) suggests that an evolutionary advance by one species represents a deterioration of the environment for all remaining species. The other have to “keep up with the times or they will die off! Homework: Agenda: 4. 1. 2. Types of Adaptations notes Natural Selection & Theory Comparison notes 1. 2. 3. 5. Genetics (Pg. 21) & Evolution Unit (Pg. 33) Title Pages Tape/glue Roadmap for Success to Sci. Ntbk!!! Intro to Evolution Quiz – Tues, 2/5 (MOVED) Theory Comparison wkst – Wed, 2/6 & Thurs, 2/7 Evolution Creative project – Fri, 2/8 Unit Learning Goal: Students will understand the scientific principles & processes involved in biological evolution. Unity Week Schedule Today, Fri, 2/1 – Per. 1, 3, 5 Pg. 40 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes” When looking at several adaptations over time, a species is seen to EVOLVE!!!!!!!!!! Pg. 40 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes” EVOLUTION Genetic change in a species over time How does this happen? The following scientists came up with possible hypotheses: • Jean Baptiste de Lamarck • Charles Darwin • Alfred Russell Wallace Pg. 40 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes” Jean Baptiste de Lamarck 1744-1829 First to hypothesize about species modification His hypothesis was that evolution occurred by inheritance of “acquired traits” Not determined by genes Individuals acquire characteristics during their lifetime & pass them on to their offspring Example: giraffes acquire long necks by stretching them to reach leaves Lamarck’s Hypothesis Pg. 40 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes” CHARLES DARWIN 1809-1882 Darwin agreed with Lamarck about species modification but disagreed with how it occurred. Hypothesis: selection acts on a variation already present Darwin believed giraffes had various sizes of necks & the environment selected the characteristic that was best suited (beneficial) Giraffes with longer necks were the ones that survived & passed on their genes Variation (neck size) happens through random mutation, not created by experience Pg. 40 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes” Darwin’s hypothesis became known as: Evolution by Natural Selection HOW DID DARWIN COME UP WITH HIS HYPOTHESIS??? Pg. 40 – “Evolution & Origin of Life notes” Darwin’s Voyage (1831) on the HMS Beagle 5-yr voyage around the world Galapagos Islands