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Study Guide for Spring Final Exam
1. What is Biology? _____________________________________________________________________
2. A controlled experiment allows the scientist to isolate and test a single ___________________________
3. The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called
________________________.
4. A solution with a higher concentration of solutes than a cell in the solution is _____________________
to the cell.
5. A solution with a lower concentration of solutes than a cell in the solution is ________________ to the
cell.
6. ________________________: a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom.
7. ________________________: the smallest unit of most compounds.
8. ________________________: the term for the land, water, and air on earth.
9. During cell division, chromatin condenses to form ___________________, which are threadlike
structures containing genetic material.
10. To build muscle mass, a person might benefit from taking a dietary supplement of ________________.
11. What are the four major biological macromolecules? What is an example of each?
Macromolecule
Example
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
12. Abiotic means _________________________.
13. Human gamete cells are [diploid / haploid}. How many chromosomes are in a human male gamete cell?
_____________. How many chromosomes are in a human diploid cell? __________What is a human
male gamete cell called? _____________________.
14. What type of cell relays information obtained from the environment to the brain? __________________
15. What field of biology focuses on the interactions among various species with each other and their
environment? _________________________
16. The diagram to the left shows organisms in and
around a pond. What ecological term refers to all the
organisms shown in the diagram?
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____________________________
17. What is the term for the land, water, and air on earth? _______________________________
18. What type of cell can exist in a broad range of environmental conditions, can rapidly multiply, and lacks
a nucleus. _______________________
19. The birds shown below are two species of the 13 species of finches Charles Darwin found on the
Galapagos Islands. What process produced the two different types of beaks shown?
____________________________
20. What type of cell division is shown in the diagram below?
21. Which organism in the diagram below is classified as both a primary and a secondary consumer?
What is the name of the diagram?
____________________
22. Which biome do we live in here in central Georgia? ____________________________________
23. In humans, which body system has the primary role of detecting and responding to stimuli?
_____________________________
24. Canis familiaris is most closely related to
Quercus rubra
Canis lupus
Anarhichas lupis
Calidris alba
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25. The diagram below shows the interaction between blood sugar levels and pancreatic activity.
This process is an example of a _________________ ___________________ to maintain homeostasis.
26. change in genetic material that produces a variation in a species could be a result of
a mutation
competition
overproduction of the species
struggle for survival
27. Which diagram below illustrates fertilization that would most likely lead to the development of a normal
human female?
28. What process is shown in the diagram below? ___________________________
In humans, this process is most influenced by
the presence of _________________ (a
hormone)
29. In the pH scale shown here, which substance has a
pH closest to the pH of the most acidic acid rain?
__________________________
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30. Identify the organisms in the diagram below as autotrophs or heterotrophs.
31. What type of organism is first in most natural food chains? _______________________________
32. Because turkey vultures feed mainly on animals that they have not killed, they are known as
_________________________.
33. Which organisms in the chart below are most closely related? _________________________________
34. organisms that eat only plants: ________________________
35. organisms that eat only meat: ___________________________
36. organisms that eat all types of food: ______________________________.
37. Change over time is one definition of _____________________________.
38. The individual who contributed more to our understanding of evolution than anyone else was
_________________________________.
39. _________________________ ; process that releases energy needed by organisms
40. _________________________: movement of individuals into a population
41. _________________________: physical characteristics of an organism
42. _________________________: genetic makeup of an organism
43. _________________________: process in which DNA is copied
44. In eukaryotes, DNA is located in the _______________________.
45. Genes contain instructions for assembling _________________________.
46. __________________________; cells which do not contain a nucleus or membrane bound organelles.
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47. __________________________; The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.
48. __________________________: The most general and largest category in Linnaeus’s system.
49. __________________________: branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and
between organisms and their environment
50. __________________________: The combined portions of Earth in which all living things exist
51. Green plants are ________________________.
52. __________________________; An organelle you might expect to find in a plant cell but not in an
animal cell.
53. Kingdom whose cells do not have cell walls: __________________________
54. An organisms diploid number is 24. Its haploid number is __________________.
55. In rabbits, the allele for black coat (B) is dominant over the allele for brown coat (b). What would be
the possible genotypes of the offspring of a homozygous black male with a brown female?
___________________________
56. Natural selection allows a species to change in response to its environment. What is the process by
which a species becomes better suited to its environment called? __________________________
57. What is a source of genetic variation that involves the swapping of sections of chromosomes during
meiosis? ____________________ ____________________
58. What is the term for the structure of a DNA molecule? ___________________ ___________________
59. What is a major difference between viruses and living things? __________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
60. The expression “survival of the fittest” is often used to describe which scientific theory?
___________________ ___________________
61. Which organelle is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? (hint – it is involved in protein
synthesis) _______________________________
62. Which kingdom of living organisms would most likely be found in the harsh climate of sulfurous hot
springs? ___________________________
63. What feature would a scientist look for on a microscope slide of cells to distinguish between eukaryotic
cells and prokaryotic cells? __________________________
64. A source of genetic variation that refers to a random error in the genetic code is called a(n)
_______________________
65. What are the base pairing rules of DNA? ________________________________________________
66. What nucleotide bases are present in RNA? ______________________________________________
67. What is the process called by which new species are formed? ________________________________
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68. Which kingdom consists of complex, multicellular, eukaryotic organisms which must consume or ingest
other organisms for nutrition? _____________________________
69. What kingdoms contain organisms that are capable of capturing and using energy from the Sun?
_____________________________________________________________________________
70. What kingdoms include organisms credited for breaking down dead plants and animals into rich soil?
__________________________________________________________________________________
71. What are the three main components of a DNA molecule? ______________________________
__________________________ __________________________
72. Which famous scientist formulated a theory of how species change over time by natural selection?
______________________________________
73. An animal with adaptations that help to conserve water would be well suited to live in what type of
biome? ________________________________
74. What are some known causes of genetic mutations? _________________________________________
75. What group of organic molecules does this structure belong to?
__________________________________
76. The process shown here occurs in all eukaryotic cells.
What is this process? _________________________
77. What are the three stages of this process shown on the
diagram? ___________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
78. What is antibiotic resistance? ___________________________________________________________
79. What are the two main types of fermentation? ______________________________________________
80. Is fermentation an aerobic or an anaerobic process? __________________________________________
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