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Chapter 6 Rome
Sections 1,2,3,4 and 5
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Section 1: The Roman
Republic
The Origins of Rome: (Where was Rome founded?)
Founded by Latin people on a river in the center of Italy, located near the midpoint of the Mediterranean Sea. This
location was good for trade and had fertile soil
Two other groups lived in this area, the Greeks to the south and the Etruscans to the north.
Romans borrowed ideas from both groups which included their alphabet, arch and religious ideas.
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Map of early Rome
The Early Republic
(How was Rome
governed?
In 509 BC, Romans overthrew the Etruscan king and formed a republic
Two groups struggled for power.
one group called the patricians (aristocratic landowners) wanted and held most of the power.
Second group called the plebeians(common farmers, artisans and merchants) made up most of population
The two groups worked against each other to gain more power
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The Early Republic
continued
The basis for Roman law was the Twelve Tables. This set of rules said that all free citizens were protected by law
The government had three parts
Two consuls (officials elected each year)
Senate (300 members chosen from the upper class)
Assemblies - included members from different parts of society
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Early Republic Continued
Assemblies: Triple Assembly: organized by the Plebeians, elected the tribunes, made laws, served for life, considered
ordinary citizens
Centuriate Assembly: Solders only, chose consuls, serve for life
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The Early Republic
continued
During a time of crisis the republic could appoint a dictator(leader with absolute power) to make laws and command
the army. His power would last for 6 months.
All citizens who owned property had to serve in the army. They were formed into military groups called legions (5000
heavily armed foot soldiers.
All citizens who owned property had to serve in the army. They were formed into military groups called legions (5000
heavily armed foot soldiers.
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Rome Spreads Its
Power (How did Rome
spread its power?)
Within 150 years Rome had captured almost all of Italy
264 BC to 146 BC Rome and Carthage fought three bitter wars called the Punic Wars, which were a power struggle
between Rome and Carthage for control of Sicily and the Mediterranean Sea.
In the first battle Rome won the island of Sicily
Second: Hannibal (brilliant Carthaginian general) invaded northern Italy and did much damage but was unable to
take Rome. Roman general Scripio defeated him because he attacked Carthage which forced Hannibal to return
home.
Third war Rome destroyed the city of Carthage and made the people slaves
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Image of Hannibal
marching across the
Alps
Scipio
Significance of Punic Wars for Rome
Gave Rome dominance over Western Mediterranean
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Section 2: The Roman
Empire
The Republic
Collapses (What
conflicts existed in
Rome?)
Rome’s victory in Carthage brought conflict between the rich and the poor. Civil war broke out
Julius Caesar tried to take control. At first he joined with two others - Cassius, a wealthy man and Pompey a successful
general. They formed a triumvirate(a group of three leaders). They ruled Rome for the next 10 years.
When Julius Caesar conquered Gaul he became popular in Rome
Pompey and Caesar fought and caused another civil war that lasted several years. Caesar won and governed Rome as
an absolute ruler/dictator. This met he had all the power
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Julius Caesar
Pompey
The Death of Julius Caesar
Many believe that Caesar had to much power. Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius along with others assassinated Caesar
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The Republic
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The Death of Julius Caesar
Many believe that Caesar had to much power. Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius along with others assassinated Caesar
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The Republic
Collapses continued
Once again Rome suffered civil war and Caesar’s nephew was the winner. He took the title Augustus (meaning exalted
one)
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A Vast and Powerful
Empire (What was the
Pax Romana?)
For 200 years the Roman empire was a great power. The period is known as Pax Romana (Roman peace).
90% of the workers were farmers. Traders were also very important.
A large army protected everything. Many members of the army were troops from the conquered peoples. The troops
became Roman citizens at the end of their time in the army.
Augustus was Rome’s ablest emperor. He brought peace to the frontier, built public buildings, and created a lasting
government. He created civil service where he paid workers to manage the affairs of government
Between 96 BC and 180 AD there were five Good Emperors. The death of Marcus Aurelius in 180 AD marked the
beginning of the decline of the Roman Empire.
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The Roman World
(How did the quality
of Roman life vary?)
Values: Roman valued discipline, strength and loyalty. The family was the center of Roman society.
Social Structure: Romans made use of slaves more than any civilization before. 1/3 of the population was slaves.
Some were gladiators. Quality of life depended on social position. Wealthy ate well and enjoyed luxuries. The poor
had no jobs and received food from the government.
Economy: Agriculture and a large trade network was very important, they also had common coins for the empire
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The Roman World
Forms of Government: gov’t was led by emperor w/ a civil service group that carried out day to day functions of the
gov’t
Religion: honored powerful gods and goddesses through ritual, expected to worship the emperor as part of religion
Entertainment: Banquets for the rich, free games, races and gladiator contest for all.
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Section 3: The Rise of
Christianity
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Section 3: The Rise of
Christianity
The Life and Teaching
of Jesus (Why did
people believe Jesus
was the savior?
One group of people who lost their land to the Romans were the Jews. According to Jewish tradition God promised that
the Messiah would restore the kingdom of the Jews.
Jesus was born in Judea and at the age of 30 he began to preach from Jewish traditions. Including the Ten
Commandments and the belief in one God. According to apostles Jesus performed many miracles.
The Pontius Pilate a Roman leader feared Jesus would incite the people so they arrested him and put him to death.
After his death his followers said that he appeared and went to heaven. His followers came to be called Christians and
were lead by Peter - the rock upon which the Christian Church would be built, 1st apostle
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Christianity Spreads
Through the Empire
(How did Christianity
spread through the
empire?)
Paul began to look to all people, even non-Jews, to join the church. Jews made attempts to break free of the Romans
they did not succeed and were scattered which was called Diaspora
Many Christians were punished and killed. Some were put to death or killed by wild animals in the arena. After 200
years, millions of people across the empire became Christians.
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A World Religion (Why
did Christianity
spread?)
Christianity spread for several reasons
First it accepted all believers: rich, poor, male, female
Second, it gave hope to the powerless
Third, it appealed to those who were bothered by the lack of morality in Rome.
Fourth it offered a personal relationship with god
Fifth is offered the promise of life after death.
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A World Religion
continued
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A World Religion
continued
As the church grew, it became more organized. Priests were in charge of small churches, Bishops were in charge of the
churches in an area. The pope was in charge of all.
The Roman emperor Constantine decided persecution of Christians would no longer be allowed after being granted by
God a great victory.
Theodosius made Christianity the empire’s official religion
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Constantine