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#____ Evolution Unit Objectives
Use this as a guide to what you should understand for this unit.
16.1 Darwin’s Voyage
 What did he notice during his trip to the Galapagos Islands?
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Why were these observations significant? (What did they lead him to conclude?)
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What is Pangaea? How does Pangaea support Darwin’s conclusion?
16.2 Ideas that Shaped Darwin’s Thinking
 Hutton and Lyell argued that Earth is millions of years old and continues to change today. What did
Darwin conclude based on Hutton and Lyell’s theory?
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Lamarck hypothesized that an organism could gain or lose a trait during its lifetime by using or not
using certain parts of its body. This acquired characteristic can then be passed on to its offspring. Is
Lamarck’s hypothesis correct? Explain.

What did Malthus predict about unchecked population growth? Explain how his prediction affected
Darwin’s conclusion.
16.3 Darwin Presents His Case
 What are the principles of natural selection?
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How does variation occur?
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What determines whether or not a characteristic is an adaptation?
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What is “fitness” in evolutionary terms?
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What is “survival” in evolutionary terms?
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Does natural selection act on the genotype or the phenotype of an organism? Explain.
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What is the principle of common descent?
16.4 Evidence of Evolution
 How does the geographic distribution of species relate to their evolutionary history? (biogeography)
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How does the fossil record support evolution? (You may wish to give an example.)
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Differentiate between homologous and analogous structures. Analogous structures do not provide
any evidence for evolutionary descent. Why not?
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How does embryology relate to homologous structures?
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How does molecular biology provide evidence of common descent?
17.1 Genes and Variation
 Differentiate between allelic frequency (a number) and gene pool (a concept)?
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Explain how each of the following leads to genetic variation:
o Mutations
o Genetic recombination in sexual reproduction
o Lateral gene transfer
17.2 p. 490 Genetic Drift
 How does each example of genetic drift affect population diversity? (bottleneck effect, founder
effect)
17.3 Speciation
 What is reproductive isolation?

Name three ways reproductive isolation can develop and give an example of each.
19.2 pp. 550-551 Adaptive Radiation and Convergent Evolution
 What does adaptive radiation assume about recent common ancestry?
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What does convergent evolution assume about recent common ancestry?
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Briefly differentiate between adaptive radiation and convergent evolution.