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Flashcards / Ecology
Unit -
Troposphere
Layer of the atmosphere that
touches the Earth’s surface
Air, Weather, Water Vapor
Temp: decreases to -60C,
Weather, Convection Currents
~0-15km
Stratosphere
Ozone Layer
Layer of Earth’s atmosphere
beyond the troposphere, reaching
a height of about 50km above
Earth
Planes
Temp: Increases to -20C, ozone,
manned balloons
~15-50km
**3 Oxygen Atoms
**Protects Earth’s surface from
Sun’s UV Rays
**Humans are causing Ozone
depletion
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Ionosphere
Layer of the atmosphere beyond
the stratosphere, extending
about 85 km above Earth’s
surface
Meteors burn up, coldest
Temp: Decreases to -100C
~50-85km
Outer layer of the atmosphere
Temp: Increases to 2,000C
Air molecules are 1km apart
~85-3500km
Lower layer of the thermosphere
where gas molecules lose
electrons and become ions
Auroras, Radiowaves, tv signals
Exosphere
Atmosphere
Importance of
Carbon Dioxide
What are some
things found in the
troposphere?
What is the air
around us made up
of?
Exmaples of:
Igneous Rock
Examples of:
Sedimentary Rock
Upper layer of the thermosphere.
Artificial satellites, shuttles
The layers of gases that surround
Earth.
Used by plants for making food
during photosynthesis.
Air, Water vapor, weather
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon
Dioxide, other gases
Granite, basalt
Limestone, sandstone
Marble, slate
Examples of:
Metamorphic Rock
By how they are formed.
How are rocks
classified?
How does Igneous When liquid rock cools, it hardens
to become rock
rock form?
Small pieces of rock settle into
How does
layers and are compressed.
sedimentary rock
form?
Heat and pressure change the
How does
formation of the rocks
metamorphic rock
form?
70% of Earth is covered by water.
Why is Earth
called the water
planet?
97%
What % of Earth’s
water is salt
water?
3%
What % of Earth’s
water is fresh
water?
Earth’s salt water is located in
Where is Earth’s
the oceans and some lakes
salt water
located?
Earth’s fresh water is located in
Where is Earth’s
lakes, ponds, streams and
available fresh
underground.
water located?
It is frozen in polar ice caps and
Why is most of
in glaciers.
the Earth’s fresh
water not available
to drink?
Surface water, Groundwater
Name the 2 types
of freshwater:
Give examples of Lakes, streams, ponds, rain runoff
Surface water:
Water in an aquifer
Give examples of
Groundwater:
All parts of Earth that support
Biosphere
Difference
between Oxygen
molecule and
Ozone molecule?
life. Extends from bottom of
ocean to tops of tallest mountains.
O2 is Oxygen (2 oxygen atoms per
molecule)
O3 is Ozone (3 oxygen atoms per
molecule)
Why is the Ozone
layer important?
What needs do all
organisms have?
Importance of
rainfall?
Name things that
affect Water
Quality
Through what
process do plants
make food?
What essential
substances do
organisms need
from food?
It filters out the sun’s harmful
UV radiation.
1. Water
2. source of energy (food),
3. space to live (shelter, space,
place to hide),
4. suitable climate
The amount of rainfall directly
affects the abundance of life in
that area.
**Temperature
**Nutrients
**Dissolved Oxygen
**Pollution
Photosynthesis
**Minerals
**Vitamins
**Nutrients
How can poisons in When one living thing consumes
another living thing, which has
the environment
consumed another living thing…
pass from one
(Food Chain)
living thing to
another?
To get light and grow roots.
Why do plants
need space to live?
Seek food, water, mates, shelter
Why do animals
need space to live?
Animals that maintain specific
Territorial Animals
Warm-Blooded
Hibernation
Where does most
life exist on
Earth?
areas in which they live.
Body temperature stays the same
whether its cold or hot outside
An animal’s heart and respiration
rates slow, body temperature
drops, animal enters a sleep-like
state.
Between 500m below the ocean’s
surface to about 6km above sea
level.
Why is life less
abundant deeper
than 500m below
sea level?
Why is life less
abundant greater
than 6km above
sea level?
Non-renewable
mineral resources
Nanotechnology
Benefits of
Nanotechnology
Concerns about
Nanotechnology
Earth’s Core:
The weight of the water creates
pressure that is too great for
many organisms.
The air pressure is too low and
the temperatures are too cold.
A natural resource that has
limited availability. Examples:
Gold, Silver, Copper, Aluminum
Uses science and engineering to
create materials
1. Little Environmental Harm
(doesn’t use renewable
resources)
1. Potential biological concerns
(can move through cell
membranes)
Innermost zone with solid inner
core and molten outer core that is
extremely hot.
Earth’s Mantle:
Earth’s Crust:
Geologic Processes
Magma
Tectonic plates
Solid rock with a rigid outer part
(asthenosphere) that is melted
pliable rock.
Outermost zone which underlies
the continents.
“Events” that take place on or
below Earth’s surface. For
example: volcanoes, earthquakes,
weathering
molten rock
Huge, rigid plates that are moved
with convection cells or currents
by floating on magma or molten
rock.
Divergent plate
boundary
The slow moving plates move apart
at these boundaries
Convergent plate
boundary
The extremely slow movements of
the plates cause them to grind
into one another at these
boundaries.
Transform plate
boundary
The slow moving plates slide past
each other at these boundaries.
Example: San Andreas Fault
Epicenter
The location on Earth’s surface
directly above the focus of an
earthquake (where the fault
begins to rupture).
Where 2 plates meet.
Plate Margins
Weathering
Biological
Weathering
Chemical
Weathering
Physical
Weathering
Minerals
Types of Crust
Lithosphere
Plates
Process that wears the Earth’s
surface down.
Tree roots, lichens
Water, acids and gases
Wind, Rain, Thermal Expansion
and Contraction, Water Freezing
Solid non-living elements and
compounds, sometimes called
resources
Oceanic crust (under the oceans –
basalt) and Continental crust
(under the continents – mostly
granite). The less dense
continents ride on the denser
oceanic plates.
The crust and the upper layer of
the mantle together make up a
zone of rigid, brittle rock
The crust of the Earth is broken
into many pieces
Asthenosphere
Middle Mantle
Convection
Currents
Outer Core
Inner Core
Rock Cycle
The plates “float” on this soft,
semi-rigid layer of the middle
mantle and flows like hot asphalt
under a heavy weight.
Made up of hot, dense rock that
flows in the asthenosphere
Caused by the hot material at the
deepest part of the mantle. It
rises, cools, then sinks again,
constantly repeating.
Very hot, contains the metals
nickel and iron in the liquid state.
Temperatures and pressures so
great that the metals are
squeezed together and not able to
move like a liquid—they are
forced to vibrate in place like a
solid.
Very slow chemical cycle that
recycles the rocks found in the
Earth’s crust.