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Transcript
Flashcards / Ecology Unit - Troposphere Layer of the atmosphere that touches the Earth’s surface Air, Weather, Water Vapor Temp: decreases to -60C, Weather, Convection Currents ~0-15km Stratosphere Ozone Layer Layer of Earth’s atmosphere beyond the troposphere, reaching a height of about 50km above Earth Planes Temp: Increases to -20C, ozone, manned balloons ~15-50km **3 Oxygen Atoms **Protects Earth’s surface from Sun’s UV Rays **Humans are causing Ozone depletion Mesosphere Thermosphere Ionosphere Layer of the atmosphere beyond the stratosphere, extending about 85 km above Earth’s surface Meteors burn up, coldest Temp: Decreases to -100C ~50-85km Outer layer of the atmosphere Temp: Increases to 2,000C Air molecules are 1km apart ~85-3500km Lower layer of the thermosphere where gas molecules lose electrons and become ions Auroras, Radiowaves, tv signals Exosphere Atmosphere Importance of Carbon Dioxide What are some things found in the troposphere? What is the air around us made up of? Exmaples of: Igneous Rock Examples of: Sedimentary Rock Upper layer of the thermosphere. Artificial satellites, shuttles The layers of gases that surround Earth. Used by plants for making food during photosynthesis. Air, Water vapor, weather Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, other gases Granite, basalt Limestone, sandstone Marble, slate Examples of: Metamorphic Rock By how they are formed. How are rocks classified? How does Igneous When liquid rock cools, it hardens to become rock rock form? Small pieces of rock settle into How does layers and are compressed. sedimentary rock form? Heat and pressure change the How does formation of the rocks metamorphic rock form? 70% of Earth is covered by water. Why is Earth called the water planet? 97% What % of Earth’s water is salt water? 3% What % of Earth’s water is fresh water? Earth’s salt water is located in Where is Earth’s the oceans and some lakes salt water located? Earth’s fresh water is located in Where is Earth’s lakes, ponds, streams and available fresh underground. water located? It is frozen in polar ice caps and Why is most of in glaciers. the Earth’s fresh water not available to drink? Surface water, Groundwater Name the 2 types of freshwater: Give examples of Lakes, streams, ponds, rain runoff Surface water: Water in an aquifer Give examples of Groundwater: All parts of Earth that support Biosphere Difference between Oxygen molecule and Ozone molecule? life. Extends from bottom of ocean to tops of tallest mountains. O2 is Oxygen (2 oxygen atoms per molecule) O3 is Ozone (3 oxygen atoms per molecule) Why is the Ozone layer important? What needs do all organisms have? Importance of rainfall? Name things that affect Water Quality Through what process do plants make food? What essential substances do organisms need from food? It filters out the sun’s harmful UV radiation. 1. Water 2. source of energy (food), 3. space to live (shelter, space, place to hide), 4. suitable climate The amount of rainfall directly affects the abundance of life in that area. **Temperature **Nutrients **Dissolved Oxygen **Pollution Photosynthesis **Minerals **Vitamins **Nutrients How can poisons in When one living thing consumes another living thing, which has the environment consumed another living thing… pass from one (Food Chain) living thing to another? To get light and grow roots. Why do plants need space to live? Seek food, water, mates, shelter Why do animals need space to live? Animals that maintain specific Territorial Animals Warm-Blooded Hibernation Where does most life exist on Earth? areas in which they live. Body temperature stays the same whether its cold or hot outside An animal’s heart and respiration rates slow, body temperature drops, animal enters a sleep-like state. Between 500m below the ocean’s surface to about 6km above sea level. Why is life less abundant deeper than 500m below sea level? Why is life less abundant greater than 6km above sea level? Non-renewable mineral resources Nanotechnology Benefits of Nanotechnology Concerns about Nanotechnology Earth’s Core: The weight of the water creates pressure that is too great for many organisms. The air pressure is too low and the temperatures are too cold. A natural resource that has limited availability. Examples: Gold, Silver, Copper, Aluminum Uses science and engineering to create materials 1. Little Environmental Harm (doesn’t use renewable resources) 1. Potential biological concerns (can move through cell membranes) Innermost zone with solid inner core and molten outer core that is extremely hot. Earth’s Mantle: Earth’s Crust: Geologic Processes Magma Tectonic plates Solid rock with a rigid outer part (asthenosphere) that is melted pliable rock. Outermost zone which underlies the continents. “Events” that take place on or below Earth’s surface. For example: volcanoes, earthquakes, weathering molten rock Huge, rigid plates that are moved with convection cells or currents by floating on magma or molten rock. Divergent plate boundary The slow moving plates move apart at these boundaries Convergent plate boundary The extremely slow movements of the plates cause them to grind into one another at these boundaries. Transform plate boundary The slow moving plates slide past each other at these boundaries. Example: San Andreas Fault Epicenter The location on Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake (where the fault begins to rupture). Where 2 plates meet. Plate Margins Weathering Biological Weathering Chemical Weathering Physical Weathering Minerals Types of Crust Lithosphere Plates Process that wears the Earth’s surface down. Tree roots, lichens Water, acids and gases Wind, Rain, Thermal Expansion and Contraction, Water Freezing Solid non-living elements and compounds, sometimes called resources Oceanic crust (under the oceans – basalt) and Continental crust (under the continents – mostly granite). The less dense continents ride on the denser oceanic plates. The crust and the upper layer of the mantle together make up a zone of rigid, brittle rock The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces Asthenosphere Middle Mantle Convection Currents Outer Core Inner Core Rock Cycle The plates “float” on this soft, semi-rigid layer of the middle mantle and flows like hot asphalt under a heavy weight. Made up of hot, dense rock that flows in the asthenosphere Caused by the hot material at the deepest part of the mantle. It rises, cools, then sinks again, constantly repeating. Very hot, contains the metals nickel and iron in the liquid state. Temperatures and pressures so great that the metals are squeezed together and not able to move like a liquid—they are forced to vibrate in place like a solid. Very slow chemical cycle that recycles the rocks found in the Earth’s crust.