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Worksheet – Structure of DNA, Replication, Transcription, and Translation
Name:___________________________
Period:______ Date:_________________
Directions: Label the diagram below with the following choices:


Nucleotide
Base pair


Deoxyribose
Hydrogen bond


Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base
5. ____________________
1. ____________________
4. ____________________
2. __________________
6. ____________________
3. ____________________
1
DNA Structure
7. The structure of DNA was published by _____________ and ____________ in the year
__________.
8. What do the letters DNA stand for?
_____________________________________________________________
9.
Where is DNA found? __________________________________________
10. What are the 3 things that make up a nucleotide? _________ _________ _______
11. Match the bases: Adenine - _______________ and Guanine - _______________
12. The double coiled, “staircase” shape of DNA is called a __________________.
Replication.
13. The process of __________________ produces a new copy of an organism’s genetic information,
which is passed on to a new cell.
14. Create a matching (complementary) DNA sequence for the following strand:
15.
List the 3 basic steps of DNA replication in order:
1.
_________________________________________________________________
2.
_________________________________________________________________
3.
_________________________________________________________________
16.
Explain the importance of DNA replication in the growth and development of a multicellular
organism.
2
MUTATIONS
Mutations happen when the sequence of bases in the DNA gets changed. Mutations can be
caused by mistakes in reading the DNA and can also be caused by environmental factors such
as radiation, UV rays from the sun, or smoking.
Original
A
T
C
C
G
T
G
17.
The model of DNA below is ready to be copied. Compared to the
original double helix, evaluate the copies made during three attempts of DNA
replication. List any errors with the replication if they occurred:
Replication #1
A
T
T
A
C
G
C
G
G
C
T
A
G
C
Replication #2
A
T
T
A
C
G
C
G
G
C
T
A
G
C
AND
A
T
C
A
G
T
G
T
A
G
G
C
A
C
AND
A
T
C
C
G
T
G
T
A
G
G
C
A
C
List problems if any:
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
T
A
G
G
C
A
C
List problems if any:
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
18.
Complete the diagram on the left. Then circle the areas in the diagram on the right that
show a genetic mutation.
DNA Correctly Copied
DNA Incorrectly Copied
A
G
C
T
A
T
A
A
G
C
T
A
T
A
3
A
G
C
T
A
T
A
T
C
G
A
T
G
T
G
G
C
T
A
C
A
T
C
G
A
T
A
T
Transcription and Translation (Making Proteins)
Complete the Base Pairs
DNA
20. A - _____, G - ______
RNA
21. A - ______, G - ______
22.
A
A
T
G
C
A
C
Complete the strand of mRNA
23.
24.
25.
Making an exact copy DNA is called ___________________.
Changing DNA into mRNA is called ___________________.
Changing mRNA into proteins is called _________________.
26.
Three letter combination of mRNA bases that determines the order of amino acids __________.
27.
_________________________ are the monomers of proteins. They bond together to form a protein.
28.
Transcription happens in the ________________, while translation happens in the _____________.
29.
The organelles that read the mRNA code to make proteins are called ____________________.
30.
Which type of RNA:
a. Is a copy of a segment of DNA ________
b. Brings amino acids to the ribosome _________
31.
How does a strand of DNA code for a trait:
DNA
RNA
TRANSLATION
Trait
31. Use the chart to determine what amino acid would be coded by the following groups of mRNA codons
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
ACA _______________
CCG _______________
CAC _______________
GGG _______________
CGG _______________
CUG _______________
GUG _______________
UGG _______________
UAA _______________
CUU _________________
UCU _________________
GAA _________________
Stop
Start
4
Stop