Download LEARNING OBJECTIVES To demonstrate mastery of this chapter

 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To demonstrate mastery of this chapter, the student should be able to:
OBJECTIVE 12.1 — Indicate the magnitude of mental health problems in the U.S. and
Canada; define psychopathology; describe the following ways of viewing normality:
a. subjective discomfort, b. statistical abnormality, c. social nonconformity, d. situational
context, and e. cultural relativity; give examples of how race, gender, and social class
continue to affect the diagnosis of various disorders; and indicate the two core features
of abnormal behavior.
OBJECTIVE 12.2 — Explain how the DSM-IV-TR is used; define mental disorder; and
briefly describe each of the following categories of mental disorders: a. psychotic
disorders, b. organic mental disorders, c. mood disorders, d. anxiety disorders, e.
somatoform disorders, f. dissociative disorders, g. personality disorders, h. sexual and
gender identity disorders, and i. substance related disorders.
OBJECTIVE 12.3 — Define the term neurosis and explain why it was droppped from
use; describe examples of culture-bound syndromes from around the world; list the four
general risk factors that contribute to psychopathology; define insanity and explain how
it is established in court; and describe the “medical student’s disease.”
OBJECTIVE 12.4 — Describe the 10 different types of personality disorders (Table
12.3); and include an indepth discussion of the distinctive characteristics and causes of
the antisocial personality.
OBJECTIVE 12.5 — Define anxiety and describe the characteristics of anxiety-related
disorders; explain why the term nervous breakdown has no formal meaning and how it
may be related to adjustment disorders; and describe an adjustment disorder, including
its characteristics, causes, treatment, and how it differs from anxiety disorders.
OBJECTIVE 12.6 — Describe the following anxiety disorders: a. generalized anxiety
disorder; b. panic disorder (without agoraphobia); c. panic disorder (with agoraphobia);
d. agoraphobia (without panic); e. specific phobia; f. social phobia; g. obsessivecompulsive disorder; h. acute stress disorder; and i. post-traumatic stress disorder.
OBJECTIVE 12.7 — Discuss the following dissociative disorders: a. dissociative
amnesia, b. dissociative fugue, and c. dissociative identity disorder.
OBJECTIVE 12.8 — Discuss the following somatoform disorders: a. hypochondriasis;
b. somatization disorder; c. pain disorder; and d. conversion disorder, including “glove
anesthesia; describe the related disorders known as Munchausen syndrome and
Munchausen by proxy; and define the term comorbid.
OBJECTIVE 12.9 — Describe the heritability of anxiety-based disorders; and explain
how each of the major perspectives in psychology view the causes of anxiety disorders:
a. psychodynamic; b. humanistic (Rogers); c. existential; d. behavioral, including the
terms avoidance learning and anxiety reduction hypothesis; and e. the cognitive view.
OBJECTIVE 12.10 — Discuss the major features of psychotic disorders, including the
different types of delusions and hallucinations; list the warning signs of psychotic
disorders and major mood disorders, and describe the various types of organic
psychoses, including poisionings and dementia.
OBJECTIVE 12.11 — List the main feature of delusional disorders; describe the five
types of delusional disorders, including the most common delusional disorder, paranoid
psychosis; and explain how it differs from schizophrenia.
OBJECTIVE 12.12 — Discuss schizophrenia, including its frequency, symptoms, and
the problems with selective attention; list and describe the four major subtypes of
schizophrenia, and explain the general relationship between psychosis and violence.
OBJECTIVE 12.13 — Discuss the following causes of schizophrenia: a. the
environment, including the prenatal environment, birth complications, early
psychological trauma, disturbed family environment, and deviant communication
patterns; b. heredity, including inherited potential and genetic mutations; c. brain
chemistry, including the roles of dopamine and glutamate; and d. brain structure and
activity, including information gained through CT, MRI, and PET scans; and explain
the stress-vulnerability model.
OBJECTIVE 12.14 — Discuss mood disorders, including the following: a. the incidence;
b. the two general types; c. characteristics of the moderate mood disorders of dysthymic
and cyclothymic disorders; d. the characteristics of the three major mood disorders:
major depression, bipolar I and bipolar II; and e. how major mood disorders differ
from moderate mood disorders, including the definition of the term endogenous.
OBJECTIVE 12.15 — Discuss the following causes of depression: a. brain chemicals;
b. psychoanalytic theory; c. behavioral theory; d. cognitive theory; e. the social and
environmental stresses that cause women to experience depression more than men,
including postpartum depression; f. the role of heredity; and g. the time or season of the
year, including the cause, symptoms, and treatment of seasonal affective disorder (SAD).
OBJECTIVE 12.16 — Describe Rosenhan’s pseudo-patient study and his observations
regarding psychiatric labeling; and discuss the dangers of psychiatric labeling, including
the social stigma, and give a general description of the treatment and prognosis for
various mental disorders.
OBJECTIVE 12.17 — Discuss the following aspects of suicide: a. factors that affect
suicide rates, including sex, ethnicity, age, and marital status; b. the immediate causes of
suicide; c. warning signs; d. common characteristics of suicidal thoughts and feelings; e.
how to help someone who is suicidal; and f. crisis intervention.