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Cells Test Review Questions Answer Key Name: _____________________________ Date: _____________ Hour: ___________ Vocabulary 1. __k___ Stem Cells 2. __j___ Specialized Cell 3. __b___ Cells 4. __l___ Tissues 5. __g___ Organs 6. __h___ Organ Systems 7. __d___ Diffusion 8. __c___ Cell Division 9. __i___ Osmosis 10. __e___ Endocytosis 11. __f___ Exocytosis 12. __a___ Active Transport a. The movement of substances across a cell membrane that requires energy. b. The smallest unit that can perform all the processes necessary for life. c. Occurs when one cell becomes two cells. d. Particles move from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration. e. The movement of large particles into the cell. f. The movement of large particles out of the cell. g. Consists of two or more tissues working together to perform a single job. h. Consists of two or more organs working together. i. The diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane. j. A cell such as red blood cells, muscle cells or neurons that have a particular structure and function. k. A cell that has the ability to turn into many different types of cells. l. A groups of cells working together to perform a single function. Cell Parts Cytoplasm 13. Label the diagram above with each of the following cell parts and tell what their function is. Organelle Found in Animal Function (job) Cells Cell Membrane Yes Boundary that separates the organism from its surroundings. Cell Wall No A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the plant cell. Nucleus Yes Control center of the cell which contains the DNA. Mitochondria Yes A provider of energy for a cell. It breaks down glucose for energy. Vacuole Yes Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. Chloroplast No An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs. Cytoplasm Yes A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended. Put It All Together 14. Fill out the Venn diagram for plant and animal cells. Plant cells are able to produce glucose through photosynthesis within their chloroplasts and have cell walls for additional support. They also have larger vacuoles than animal cells. Cells make up all living things. Cells exist in single celled and multicelled organisms. All plant and animal cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, vacuoles, mitochondria, and nucleus. 15. What kinds of things are made of cells? All living things are made of cells. Animal cells are multi-celled organisms that do not have chloroplasts, cell walls and only have small vacuoles. 16. Circle all of the following that are made of cells. a. Leaf of a plant b. Air c. Spoonful of salt d. Cap of a mushroom e. f. g. h. Diamond necklace Blood Protein Horse’s Muscle 17. Diffusion, osmosis, endocytosis and exocytosis all function to bring materials into and out of the cell. How are they different from one another? Diffusion is the general term for movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to low concentration. Osmosis is the specific term for the diffusion of water through a membrane. Endocytosis and exocytosis refer to the movement of large particles into (endocytosis) and out of (exocytosis) the cell. 18. Describe how a single-celled organism grows and develops. A single-celled organism has the ability to grow to an extent, at which point the cell divides into two through binary fission to become two separate organisms. 19. Describe how a multicellular organism grows and develops. A multicellular organism begins as two stem cells. Initially those stem cells divide creating new stem cells. At some point the cells divide and become specialized. These specialized cells continue to divide creating more cells with the same specialization. The specialized cells create tissues which create organs and organ systems. 20. How is a stem cell related to the growth and development in a multicellular organism? All multicellular organisms begin as stem cells. Stem cells can become any other type of cells. Eventually these stem cells specialize. 21. What are some examples of specialized cells? Red blood cells, cardiac muscle cells, neurons 22. How are single-celled organisms different from multicellular organisms? Single-celled organisms consist of only one cell. This single cell has the ability to perform all of the tasks necessary for life. Multicellular organisms are made of many cells. The organism itself can be large or small. It is composed of specialized cells which work together to perform the processes necessary for life. 23. Give an example of a single-celled organism and an example of a multicellular organism. Bacteria, paramecium and amoeba are examples of single-celled organisms. Multicellular organisms include trees, tulip plants, insects, and humans. 24. Put the following in the correct order from smallest to largest: Atom Tissue Molecule Cell Organism Organ Organ System Atom – Molecule – Cell – Tissue – Organ – Organ System - Organism 25. Where do all cells come from? Other cells 26. Using the terms sensory cells, neurons, stimulus, and brain. Describe what happens when you step on a Lego. When a foot steps on a Lego, the Lego acts as a stimulus to the sensory cells on the foot. These sensory cells send a signal through the neurons to my brain. In the brain other neurons send messages back to my leg and foot muscles to pick up my foot quickly!