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Earthquakes – Video Notes #4
Objective 14: I can define earthquakes seismology and seismologists.
: the
and
that result from the
movement of rock beneath Earth’s surface.
Seismology: the study of
: the scientists who study earthquakes
Earthquakes: Earthquakes form because of its response to
called
– the building, tilting, and breaking of the Earth’s crust.
The point beneath the surface where the rocks break and move is called the
. The focus is
the underground origin of an earthquake.
Directly above the focus, on the Earth’s surface is the
epicenter
. During an earthquake, the most
. Earthquake waves reach the
shaking is found at the epicenter.
Objective 15: I can describe the 3 types of faults.
: is a break in Earth’s crust where slabs of crust slip past each other.
faults: the rocks on either side of the fault
sideways with little up-or-down motion and are produced by
each other
plate motion.
: the fault is at an angle, so one block of rock lies above the fault while the
other block lies below the fault and produced by
plate motion.
the
: the fault has the same structure as a normal fault, but the blocks move in
direction.
Use the video to help you label this 3 types of faults.
Objective 16: I can identify folding and the types of folding.
Folding: bends in rock that form when compression shortens and thickens part of Earth’s crust.
Anticline: a fold in rock that bends upward into an arch. (horizontal stress)
Syncline: a fold in rock that bends downward in the middle to form a bowl. (horizontal)
Monocline: rock layers are folded so that both ends of the fold are horizontal.
Objective 17: I can describe how Earthquakes travel through seismic waves – P waves, S waves,
and Surface waves.
Seismic waves: vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake.
: the first waves that expand and compress the ground like an
accordion that causes particles of rock to move in a back and forth direction. P waves travel through
and
.
: After P waves come, these waves come and vibrate side to
side and up and down – they shake the ground back and forth. They causes rock particles to move in a
side-to-side direction and they only travel through
.
: move more
most
than P waves and S waves, but they produce the
damage.
Objective 18: I can define wave properties – frequency, wavelength, amplitude and speed. THIS
SHOULD BE REVIEW!!!!! :-)
: the number of waves produced in a given amount of time.
: the distance from any point on a wave to an
: The
point on the next wave.
distance that the particles of a wave’s medium vibrate from
their rest position.
Speed:
Fill the rest of the answers.
The illustration to the right shows a wave. Label each part in the space below:
a. _________________
b. _________________
c. _________________
d. _________________
.