Download Exam 3 Review material

Exam II Review – some helpful hints
The closed-book exam will consist of true/false, matching, fill-in-the-blank and multiple choice
questions which draw from your knowledge, intelligence and creativity. Know the material below and
you will be in great shape for the upcoming exam!
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Be able to calculate ratios and proportions of gametes and offspring produced by sexual reproduction. Monohybrid; di-hybrid, tri-hybrid crosses.
Understand homozygosity, heterozygosity and hemizygosity; dominance and recession.
Understand traits and characters; genotype and phenotype
Understand segregation and assortment in meiosis.
Understand the chi-square test.
What is a true-breeding line (thorough-bred)? What is a back-cross?
Mendelian Genetics – his laws.
What is Turners syndrome?
What are Barr bodies?
ZZ-ZW method of sex determination.
The chromosome theory of inheritance states.
Know Sex-linkage.
Homo- vs Heterogametic Sex means what?
What is a genetic mosaic?
Nondisjunction.
Meiosis/Cytokinesis and gamete production. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (1/2).
What are the order of events in Prophase I of Meiosis (refer to my lecture notes slide). Know what leptonema,
zygonema, pachynema, diplonema and diakinesis mean (what happens).
Mitosis (G1, S, G2, M) and Cytokinesis.
Centromere, chromatid, chromatin, homologues, sisters, chiasma.
n, 2n, 4n; haploid, diploid, tetraploid; aneuploidy, euploid; monosomic, trisomic.
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Animal vs. Plant cell models of meiosis (what is different in the process).
Why is a Siamese cat and a Calico cat distinctive in fur color pattern.
A, B, O blood typing; genetics, biochemistry and transfusion.
Genetic recombination and mating outcomes.
Epistasis, Incomplete dominance, Incomplete penetrance, codominance, multifactorialism, sex-influenced trait,
temperature-sensitive conditional allele.
Recessive epistasis, Dominant epistasis, Duplicatve recessive epistasis (mating cross ratios).
Down-syndrome.
Genetic Linkage.
Duplication, Deletion, Translocation, Inversion.
Recombination frequency and genetic mapping.
D) Reciprocal translocation
E) Nonreciprocal translocation
concentric, pericentric, paracentric, epicentric, chromocentric.
Synapsis, Tetrads, Chiasmata, Homologues, Karyotype
What kind of analysis allows you to visualize an individual’s chromosomal makeup?
What is cancer; is it genetic?
Cri-du-chat, Prader-Willi, Down syndrome are the result of… and are characterized by…
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