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Natural Selection Reproduction and Variation Genes DNA and Modern Technology Modern Evidence for Evolution Fossils and skeletons can help lay out a story of evolution by looking at changes in structures. DNA can be used to show how closely related organisms are by looking at changes in the DNA. Darwin and Lamarck were 2 scientists who proposed theories of evolution. Organisms have of the same species have many variations of traits. Genes can be dominant or recessive. Blood types follow a simple pattern of inheritance and can be used to determine possible relationships. Darwin’s theory of evolution was called the Theory of Natural Selection. Plants and animals, both, have genes and pass on traits. Dominant genes show up and “overpower” other genes. DNA is unique to each individual. Natural Selection states that organisms that are well adapted survive to reproduce, those that are not die off. Sexual reproduction produces offspring with 50% of their genetic data from each parent. Recessive genes show only when an organism has 2 copies, otherwise they “hide.” DNA can be used to determine parentage by comparing markers on the parents DNA to the child’s. Camouflage can help an organism to be well adapted and survive to reproduce. Asexual reproduction produces offspring with genes that are identical to the parent. Gregor Mendel was a scientist and monk who studied pattern of inheritance. There are ethical issues that need to be considered when using genetic information about people. Some variations in species are better adapted than others and survive to reproduce at a higher rate. Organisms that reproduce sexually have a special technique for passing genes (and chromosomes) to their offspring. Punnett Squares can be used to predict what combination of genes will be passed to offspring form its parents. Pedigrees are another tool that can be used to study and predict patterns of inheritance.