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Transcript
Adaptation and Natural Selection Notes p. 42-43 Evolution -change in the genes of a population over time -this can happen because of a mutation or natural selection -evidence: fossil record, anatomy, DNA Adaptation -an increase in traits that help survival -can be a noun or a verb -Noun-something that an organism or species has or does that makes them better suited for survival. -Example: An adaptation that the Galapagos Island finches have are beaks that are good at getting to their food source. -Verb-the act of a species having changed to be better suited for survival. -Example: The Galapagos Island finches adapted so their beaks are better suited to getting their food source. -Mostly we will be using the noun form. Behavioral Adaptations -can be learned or instinctive -learned comes from an organism’s parents or others around them (ex. A male songbird learning more songs to better attract a mate) -instinctive is something an organism is born with (ex. migrating, hibernating) -some things are learned in some species and instinctive in others Physical Adaptation -a trait that helps survival (ex. Camouflage, mimicry, longer necks, sharper teeth) -these can occur from a mutation or through natural selection Natural Selection -the process where traits become more or less common in a population based on whether or not they have a survival advantage -more offspring are produced that can survive to reproduce -offspring compete for resources (food, water, shelter, etc.) and a mate -offspring must be better able to fight off predators -variation in genes means some are better adapted to survive and reproduce -if an organism does not reproduce, it does not matter if they survived or not; they must pass on their genes to matter -Charles Darwin called this “Survival of the Fittest” Selective Breeding -humans control breeding to bring out desired traits -similar to natural selection, but humans choose which organisms get to reproduce rather than nature -examples: horses that run faster, a specific breed of dog, fruits that have very small seeds, vegetables that taste better or can resist disease, cows that give more milk