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Ch 3 S1: The Diversity of Cells Introduction: - Cell: The smallest unit that can perform all the processes necessary for life. Cells & The Cell Theory: - Robert Hooke was the first person to see cells. - Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first to see protists, which he called animalcules, and bacteria. - Matthias Schleiden concluded that plant parts were composed of cells. - Thedor Schwann concluded that animal tissues were composed of cells. - Rudolf Virchow stated that cells could form only from other cells. - The Cell Theory was created by Schleiden, Schwann, & Virchow based off everyone’s observations. There are 3 parts o The cell is the basic unit of structure & function in all living things. o All organisms are composed of one or more cells. o All cells come from other cells. Cell Size: - Cells, like a chicken egg, can be large because they do not have to take in nutrients. - Most cells are small because they must take in food and get rid of wastes. - The area of a cell’s surface compared to its volume limits the cell’s size. Parts of a Cell - All cells have some parts in common. o Cell Membrane: protective layer that covers the cell’s surface and acts as a barrier. o Cytoplasm: the fluid inside a cell o Organelles: structures that perform specific functions within a cell. o DNA: controls the activities of a cell; may be enclosed in the nucleus or free-floating Two Kinds of Cells - Prokaryote: Single-celled organism with no nucleus o PRO means NO!!! - Eukaryote: Organism whose cells that DO have a nucleus Prokaryotes: Bacteria & Archaea - Bacteria are the most common prokaryotes - Three types of Archaea: heat-loving, saltloving, and methane-making - heat-loving and salt-loving are called extremophiles o extremophiles are organisms that live in extreme conditions Eukaryotic Cells & Eukaryotes - Eukaryotic cells are the largest cells and are 10 times larger than most bacterial cells - Have a Nucleus - Most Eukaryotes are multicellular (ex: humans, plants, fungi)