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Final Exam Review B 2010-2011 Chapter(s) Key Concepts 6. p 142 Names______________Jared__________________________ 7. p 166 8. p 192 9. p 212 10. p 236 1. Question: What is heredity? What is the study of heredity known as? Answer: a. Biological inheritance of trait from parent to off spring. b. Today, the study of heredity is known as genetics. 2. Question: How do organisms inherit traits? Answer: When an organism receives two different alleles for the same trait, only the dominant allele is expressed. 3. Contrast or differentiate: Describe phenotype and genotype. Answer: a. An organism’s phenotype is the form of a trait it displays. b. And its genotype is it’s genetic composition. 4. Describe: Segregation in sex cells. Answer: The alleles separate from each other. 5. Explain: Independent assortment in genes. Answer: They do not influence each other’s inheritance. 6. Question: Where are genes located? Answer: Genes are located on chromosomes. 7. Differentiate: Describe haploid and diploid cells Answer: Gametes contain a single set of chromosomes and are described as haploid cells. Cells that contain a double set of chromosomes are described as diploids. Question: What happens to diploid cells during meiosis? Answer: The number of chromosomes in a diploid cell is reduced by half, producing haploid gametes. 1 8. Question: Why does probability apply to genetics? Answer: Probability applies to genetics because the formation of gametes depends in random events. 9. Question: Why does diversity exist in phenotypes? Answer: Genes with neither dominant nor recessive alleles give rise to a variety of different phenotypes. 10. Question: How is the sex of an individual determined? Answer: It depends on the sex chromosomes that the individual inherits. 11. Differentiate: Male versus female chromosomes. Answer: Because males have only one X chromosome, any X-chromosome-linked gene a male inherits, recessive or not, is expressed. 12. Give examples: of disorders carried on sex chromosomes. Answer: a. Colorblindness b. Hemophilia c. Duchenne muscular dystrophy 13. Question: What are autosomes? Answer: Any chromosomes other than a sex chromosomes. 14. List: Autosomal genetic disorders Answer: a. Albinism d. Cystic fibrosis b. Tay-Sachs diseases c. Sickle cell anemia e. PKU f. Huntington disease 15. Question: What is nondisjunction? Answer: When a chromosome pair fails to separate during meiosis. 16. Question: How are genetic disorders detected before birth? Answer: a. Amniocentesis b. Chorionic villus sampling 17. 2 Answer: a. b. 3