Download Jareds. Bio+Final+Review+B+2010

Final Exam Review B
2010-2011
Chapter(s) Key Concepts 6. p 142
Names______________Jared__________________________
7. p 166
8. p 192
9. p 212
10. p 236
1. Question: What is heredity? What is the study of heredity known as?
Answer:
a. Biological inheritance of trait from parent to off spring.
b. Today, the study of heredity is known as genetics.
2. Question: How do organisms inherit traits?
Answer: When an organism receives two different alleles for the same trait, only the dominant allele
is expressed.
3. Contrast or differentiate: Describe phenotype and genotype.
Answer:
a. An organism’s phenotype is the form of a trait it displays.
b. And its genotype is it’s genetic composition.
4. Describe: Segregation in sex cells.
Answer: The alleles separate from each other.
5. Explain: Independent assortment in genes.
Answer: They do not influence each other’s inheritance.
6. Question: Where are genes located?
Answer: Genes are located on chromosomes.
7. Differentiate: Describe haploid and diploid cells
Answer: Gametes contain a single set of chromosomes and are described as haploid cells. Cells that
contain a double set of chromosomes are described as diploids.
Question: What happens to diploid cells during meiosis?
Answer: The number of chromosomes in a diploid cell is reduced by half, producing haploid
gametes.
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8. Question: Why does probability apply to genetics?
Answer: Probability applies to genetics because the formation of gametes depends in random events.
9. Question: Why does diversity exist in phenotypes?
Answer: Genes with neither dominant nor recessive alleles give rise to a variety of different
phenotypes.
10. Question: How is the sex of an individual determined?
Answer: It depends on the sex chromosomes that the individual inherits.
11. Differentiate: Male versus female chromosomes.
Answer: Because males have only one X chromosome, any X-chromosome-linked gene a male
inherits, recessive or not, is expressed.
12. Give examples: of disorders carried on sex chromosomes.
Answer:
a. Colorblindness
b. Hemophilia
c. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
13. Question: What are autosomes?
Answer: Any chromosomes other than a sex chromosomes.
14. List: Autosomal genetic disorders
Answer: a. Albinism
d. Cystic fibrosis
b. Tay-Sachs diseases
c. Sickle cell anemia
e. PKU
f. Huntington disease
15. Question: What is nondisjunction?
Answer: When a chromosome pair fails to separate during meiosis.
16. Question: How are genetic disorders detected before birth?
Answer: a. Amniocentesis
b. Chorionic villus sampling
17.
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Answer: a.
b.
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