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DRAGON GENETICS LAB Principles of Mendelian Genetics BACKGROUND Students will work in pairs in the lab to produce a dragon from the random mixing of genetic traits. Each student will be a surrogate dragon parent. They will pick up a complete set of dragon chromosomes. Each set must be of the opposite sex, therefore one parent must pick up the double X chromosomes while the other must pick up the X/Y chromosomes. The homologous chromosomes will be separated according to Mendel’s law of Independent Assortment. The genetic codes of that are passed on to the baby will be recorded on the following pages. The surrogate parents must then decode the genes inherited by their bundle of joy to determine the phenotype traits of their baby. PROCEDURES 1. Choose a partner carefully. You and your ‘spouse’ will share the grade for this lab. This is a no divorce classroom. 2. Each partner must pick up five popsicle sticks --- one of each color of autosome, and one sex chromosome stick. Each side of the stick represents one allele in the gene pair of that parent. Together, the two sides are the homologous chromosomes. 3. For each color autosome, and then for the sex chromosome, each parent will randomly drop his/her stick on the table. The side of the stick that is up represents the chromosome that is passed onto the baby. 4. The alleles from each pair of homologous chromosomes will be recorded on the charts on the following pages. 5. The decoding chart on page 2 indicates the phenotypic effect of each gene. The trait produced by each pair of alleles should be recorded in the data chart next to the appropriate allele pair. Remember, that a CAPITAL letter is dominant over a small letter [recessive] unless the decoding chart indicates those traits are co dominant, sex-influenced, sex-limited, or multi-allelic genes. 6. Answer the questions after the data charts. DRAGON GENOME DECODING OF THE GENES Chromosome Green Autosome Dominant genes Recessive genes A. no chin spike B. nose spike C. no visible ear holes D. [See Below] a. chin spike b. no nose spike c. visible ear holes E. long neck F. no back hump G. no back spikes H. long tail I. flat feet J. four toes K. spots on neck L. [See Below] M. no fangs N. spots on back O. no spots on thighs P. long arms Q. small comb on head [see below] R. [See Below] S. [See Below] T. regular thighs U. red eyes V. Normal W. no tail spike X. no chest plate Z. non-fire breather Y. male sex e. short neck f. back hump g. back spikes h. short tail i. arched feet j. three toes k. no spots on neck Red Autosome Orange Autosome Yellow Autosome Sex Chromosomes X Chromosome Y chromosome Co dominant Traits D. eyes pointed at each end R. Red spots d. round eyes r. yellow spots m. fangs n. no spots on back o. spots on thighs p. short arms q. large comb on head t. pointed thighs u. yellow eyes v. albino w. tail spike x. chest plate z. fire breather Dd. Eyes round at front only Rr. Orange spots Sex-Influenced Traits L. wings l. no wings [dominant in presence of male sex chromosome] S. no elbow spike s. elbow spike [dominant in presence of male sex chromosome] Sex-Limited Traits Q or q [only males have the comb on the head] [not expressed in females] NAMES______________________ _______________________ Green Autosome Genotypes MOM DAD Red Autosome Genotypes MOM DAD Orange Autosome Genotypes MOM DAD Yellow Autosome Genotypes MOM DAD Alleles In EGG SPERM TRAIT- phenotype of the baby Alleles In EGG SPERM TRAIT- phenotype of the baby Alleles In EGG SPERM TRAIT- phenotype of the baby Alleles In EGG SPERM TRAIT- phenotype of the baby Sex Chromosomes Genotypes MOM DAD Alleles In EGG SPERM TRAIT- phenotype of the baby Questions: 1. How does dropping the stick on the table and transcribing the letters on the sides facing up follow Mendel’s Law of Segregation? First define the law. 2. Explain how dropping the green, orange, red, and yellow sticks illustrate Mendel’s Law of Independent assortment. First state the law. 3. The gene for fangs is recessive, yet most of the dragons have fangs. How can this happen? [Hint: the gene that causes dwarfism in humans is dominant] 4. What other gene follows the same trend as in question 3? You may have to talk with other pairs to find out this answer. 5. What is the sex of your baby? 6a. What traits are more likely to be found in males? You may have to talk with other pairs to find out this answer. 6b. How might these traits be advantages to that sex? [Be creative, but stay clean with it] 7a. What traits are more likely to be found in females? You may have to talk with other pairs to find out this answer. 7b. How might these traits be advantages to that sex? [Be creative, but stay clean with it]