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Transcript
NUTRİTİON PROTEİNS : Proteins are complex organic molecules containing : Carbon – hydrogen – oxygen –nitrogen Usually sulfur , sometimes : ıron – phosphorous – ıodine and copper AMİNOA ACİDS are the chemical compounds which make up PROTEİNS. The amino acids are often called building bloks body tissue because no can be built without their nitrogen. There are more than 25 a.a Those which the body can not synthesize are called : ESSENTİAL AMİNO ACIDS and must be supplied by food. There are 8 essential amino acids for human adults are : ısoleucine leucine lysine methionine phenylalanine threonine tryptophan valine in addition , histidine is essential for growing children. - 1– Proteins can be denaturated by : heat – acıd – alcohol – salts of heavy metals. Amino Acids link in to long strands together that fold or coil to make wide variety of different proteins. COMPLETE AND INCOMPLETE PROTEİNS When the E.a.a are present in a protein in sufficient quantity to meet the growth needs , that protein is said to have high biological value . Proteins that contains all the E.a.a in sufficient quantity and in the ratio known are called COMPLETE PROTEİNS : such as ovalbumin in egg casein in milk other coplete proteins are those in meat – fish and poultry Proteins that do not supply all the E.a.a in appropriate amounts are called INCOMPLETE PROTEİNS such as : vegetables -- grains—seeds EGG B.V : 100 RİCE B.V : 86 - 2- THE ROLE OF PROTEİNS ( THE FUCTİONS ) 1 . growth and maintanance 2 . formation of enzymes and hormones Enzymes : are organic catalyst they help the chemical reactions Hormones : organic substance, they are discharged directly in to the blood stream for specific regulatory action on the other organs and gives signals to approprite enzymes to start work. Regulation functions : Eg. blood glucose level by Metabollic rate by INSULİN TYROXİNE 3 . formation of antibodies requires proteins. Antibodies are spesific substance which protects us from diseases and foreign substance. Important for ımmun system. 4 . regulates fluid balance : blood PH - osmotic pressure – water balance 5 . proteins produce energy -3- THE BODY’S USE OF PROTEİNS FOOD PROTEİNS seperated from other nutrients uncoiled by stomach acids broken in to smaller pieces in the intestine by enzymes release them in to the blood they go to the liver lıver acts as a distribution and disposal center -4- The diet should supply all E.a.a simultaneously. If an E.a.a is missing at the time of protein synthesis synthesis STOPS. If we consume proteins more than we need these proteins covered as fat- glucose - glycogen than energy . A . Acids in the cell can be used to : mainly in the protein synthesis convert to glucose provide energy proteins a.a by digestion a.acids protein synthesis a.a fat fat synthesis a.a glucose energy brain cells -5 - Factors that must be supplied in the diet for the body to be able to synthesis PROTEİN include : 1 . all E.a.a consume simultaneously and in proper amount 2 . an adequate total amount of protein to supply amine groups to synthesis non – E.a.a 3 . adequate of CHO & FAT to spare protein being used to yiaeld energy R D A ( RECOMMENDED DAİLY ALLOWANCE ) 1 gram / kg 0.8 gram / kg 2.2 gram / kg for adolesant for adults for newborn 1.2 gram / kg for childhood % 12 –15 of the total energy should come from proteins. -6 -