* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Final Exam Free Response Review 1. Errors in mitosis and meiosis
Survey
Document related concepts
Sexual selection wikipedia , lookup
Hologenome theory of evolution wikipedia , lookup
Catholic Church and evolution wikipedia , lookup
Evolutionary history of life wikipedia , lookup
Microbial cooperation wikipedia , lookup
Paleontology wikipedia , lookup
Evolving digital ecological networks wikipedia , lookup
Theistic evolution wikipedia , lookup
The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex wikipedia , lookup
Genetic drift wikipedia , lookup
Natural selection wikipedia , lookup
Inclusive fitness wikipedia , lookup
Koinophilia wikipedia , lookup
Saltation (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Genetics and the Origin of Species wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Final Exam Free Response Review 1. Errors in mitosis and meiosis can result in chromosomal abnormalities. a. Identify and describe a common chromosomal mutation. b. In what organism does it occur? c. Is it harmful or beneficial to the organism? 2. Mendel was a monk who lived in a monastery and experimented with pea plants. a. Provide three reasons why Mendel’s pea plants were model organisms. b. Identify three traits of the pea plants that Mendel studied. c. Through the use of monohybrid crosses, Mendel developed four hypotheses: alternative forms of genes are called alleles, all organisms have two alleles, and there are dominant and recessive alleles, and the Law of Segregation. Define the Law of Segregation and explain how a Punnett Square can be used to depict this law. 3. Pedigrees are useful for tracing the patterns of inheritance within a family. Use the pedigree below to answer the following questions. Assume the trait being examined is albinism, which is a recessive disorder. a. Identify the phenotypes and genders of the parents in the first generation. b. How many of the offspring in generation II are albino? In generation III? c. If individual 4 from generation III reproduces with a homozygous normal individual, what is the probability their offspring will be albino? 4. Charles Darwin proposed that evolution by natural selection was the basis for the differences that he saw in similar organisms as he traveled and collected specimens in South America and on the Galapagos Islands. a. Explain the theory of evolution by natural selection as presented by Darwin. b. Explain the following aspects of evolution by natural selection: i. Natural selection and the formation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria ii. Natural selection and the heterozygote advantage. 5. Four of Darwin’s contributions to the field of evolutionary biology are listed below: Comparative anatomy Comparative embryology Fossils Biogeography a. For each of the four contributions listed above, discuss one example of supporting evidence. b. Darwin’s ideas have been enhanced and modified as new knowledge and technologies have become available. Discuss how the following have added to Darwin’s original contributions. Hardy-Weinberg Punctuated Equilibrium Molecular biology 6. Evolution is one of the unifying themes of biology. Evolution involves change in the frequency of alleles in a population. For a particular genetic locus in a population, the frequency of the recessive allele (a) is 0.4 and the frequency of the dominant allele (A) is 0.6. a. What is the frequency of each genotype (AA, Aa, aa) in this population? What is the frequency of the dominant phenotype? b. How can the H-W principle of genetic equilibrium be used to determine whether this population is evolving? 7. In order for a new species to form, members of a population must become genetically separated from one another until genes can no longer flow between them. a. Identify and explain two methods by which reproductive isolation can occur. b. Explain how natural selection is related to speciation. c. List in order from less specific to most specific the levels of classification of an organism. 8. Bacteria play central biological roles including producers, parasites, mutualistic symbionts, and decomposers. a. Select three of the ecological roles above. For each one, describe how bacteria carry out the role and discuss its ecological importance. b. Explain how bacteria can be altered to make genetically engineered products.