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Download Early Rome, the Republic, Julius Caesar and Caesar Augustus quiz
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Early Rome, the Republic, Julius Caesar and Caesar Augustus quiz study guide Refer to powerpoints and notes posted on the website for help Early Rome: Geography Italian peninsula started as a city-state influenced by Etruscans and Greeks; descended from Latins o Etruscans taught architecture, engineering and religion less rugged terrain than Greece; more farmland; easier to travel Alps to the north, Appenines running down the middle City of Rome built on 7 hills, the Tiber River going through the middle Republic “Republic”=thing of the people Etruscans defeated by Romans by 509BC Patricians=rich, landowners. Senate=representative Patricians that speak for the people o 2 consuls head the Senate. Command armies Supervise business of g’vt Plebians=poor people Dictator given power temporarily in times of emergency o Cincinnatus=famous temporary dictator who defended Rome and gave up power after victory Rome: Engineering an Empire video notes—see my webpage for answers to the questions based on the video Decline of the Republic Civil Wars over who should hold power—Senate or the influential politicians Slave uprisings and revolts Legions loyal to commanders over Senate JULIUS CAESAR o Ambitious general o Loved by his soldiers o Caesar rises to power with Pompey and Cassius (The First Triumvirate) o Caesar and Pompey struggle for power o Caesar goes on a 9-year military campaign into Gaul, conquering territories—“Veni, Vidi, Vici” (I came, I saw, I conquered) o Pompey and Senate declare Caesar must disband his army because he is too popular with them and they are too dangerous o Caesar does not disband the army; he crosses the Rubicon and invades Rome—“The die is cast!” o Caesar’s reforms: jobs to the jobless, public land to the poor, Roman citizenship more common, invented Julian calendar o Assassinated in 44BC on the Senate floor (opponent’s worry Caesar is too powerful) CAESAR AUGUSTUS o Octavian, the adopted heir of Julius Caesar fights against Marc Antony for control of the Roman Empire and wins. Marc Antony commits suicide with Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt o Octavian receives title of Caesar Augustus (meaning the exalted one) from the Senate. Augustus has absolute power. o Augustus contributes A stable government by allowing self-governance of provinces The best man for the job gets it, regardless of social class Postal service A census and a tax system that is considerate of the poor Unemployed people put to work on building roads and temples o Augustus has negative effects Takes away power from the people by limiting Senate power Sets precedent of absolute power, taken advantage of by following corrupt emperors Rules with iron fist; merciless Caligula and Nero = bad , probably insane, emperors o Caligula appointed his horse consul o Nero persecuted Christians harshly and probably was responsible for burning most of the city down Hadrian and Marcus Aerilius = good emperors o Hadrian sets standard Roman law throughout the empire; built Hadrian’s Wall in Britain to keep out attackers o Marcus Aerilius was virtuous, noble and committed to duty. He read philosophy when on his military campaign PAX ROMANA (The Peace of Rome) 200-year period started by Augustus and ending with Marcus Aerilius o No wars in the Empire o A good time to be a Roman citizen o Stable government o Empire stretches from Britain to Mesopotamia Bread and Circuses o Entertainment for the citizens, to keep minds off of real problems o The Coliseum used for gladiator fights, naval reenactments, circuses, feeding Christians to the lions, festivals