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Transcript
Darwin’s Theory of EVOLUTION by Natural Selection Evolution Evolution: The long, slow process of change in a species over time What is Natural Selection? 1. “Survival of the Fittest“: organisms that are better suited for their environment survive and reproduce more successfully 2. Reproduction leads to the formation of the same type of organism What is Natural Selection? 3. Organisms produce more offspring than will survive – The more produced, the better chance more will survive 4. Selection occurs without human (artificial influence) What does it mean to be the fittest? 1. Fitness: Ability of an individual to survive and reproduce a. sharp quills on a porcupine 2. Fitness is a result of adaptations Adaptations 1. Adaptations: Successful adaptations enable organisms to be better suited for their environment – Adaptations increase fitness – Adaptations are due to RANDOM MUTATIONS!! CAN’T BE ACQUIRED!! Adaptations 2. Can be structural, physiological, or behavioral – giraffes’ neck (structural) – human calluses (physiological) – hunting at night (behavioral) Other Adaptations Plants: 1. waxy coating, spines, root systems, leaf size, ability to store water Other Adaptations Animals: 2. burrowing, nocturnal, water tight skin, adaptive camouflage What Does Natural Selection Lead to? 1. Biodiversity is a result of many adaptations of species that lead to speciation (creation of a new species) 2. Biodiversity: Is the sum total of all the different organisms in the biosphere – over 1.5 million and counting Biodiversity 3. Natural variety exists in any population of organisms What does Natural Selection Create? 1. Struggle for Existence: members of each species compete regularly to obtain food, living space, and other necessities for life