Download The Periodic Table - Mr Linseman`s wiki

Atoms, Elements and The Periodic Table
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
All matter is made up of atoms. Atoms are made up of three different particles:
- Protons ________
- Neutrons ________
- Electrons ________
Protons and neutrons are found in the centre of the atom – also known as the
nucleus.
Electrons are found orbiting the nucleus in shells.
Label the following diagram of the atom:
e
p
n
THE PERIODIC TABLE
The periodic table is a chart that organizes the elements (different kinds of atoms).
It helps chemists explain and predict physical and chemical properties.
You should know the names and symbols for the first 20 elements!!!!
Atomic Number: the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of a given
element. In the periodic table, elements are arranged in order of atomic number.
Number of Electrons: equal to the atomic number (number of protons), for a
neutral atom.
Metals and Non-metals: elements are either metals or non-metals.
- Metals are found on the left side.
- Non-metals are found on the right side
- A heavy line that looks like a set of stairs divides the metals and nonmetals on the periodic table.
- Hydrogen (the first element) is listed on the metals side of the periodic
table but has properties of both metals and non-metals.
Chemical Families: elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table that
tend to have similar physical and chemical properties. The elements in a vertical
column are also referred to as a group of elements.
The four main Chemical Families are:
 Alkali metals: shiny, silvery metals that react easily, form compounds that
are soluble in water (group 1)
 Alkaline earth metals: shiny, silvery metals, form compounds that are often
insoluble in water (group 2)
 Halogens: poisonous, react readily with alkali metals (group 17)
 Noble gases: do not form compounds (have a full outer shell) (group 18)
Periods: The rows of the periodic table are called periods. All elements in the same
row of a periodic table are in the same period. The atomic number increases by one
as you move from left to right across a period.
Mass Number: the mass of an average atom of an element (in atomic mass units
(u)). The mass number for an element = the number of protons + the number
of neutrons in an atom of that element.
Using the periodic table at the back of your textbook, answer the following
questions:
1. List the atomic numbers of all elements in period 2:
_____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2. Name the lightest element in period 2: ___________________________
3. Name the heaviest element in period 2: ___________________________
4. Which of the elements in period 2 are metals:
___________________________________________________________
5. Which of the elements in period 2 are non-metals:
___________________________________________________________
6. Name the 4 families of elements:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
7. Explain the difference between a period and a family.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Using the Periodic Table
1. On your copy of the periodic table, use colour to:
a. Mark the division between metals and non-metals.
b. Identify the 4 families of elements
c. Show the elements that are liquid (Have blue chemical symbols in the
periodic table from the textbook)
d. Highlight the elements that are gases (Have red chemical symbols)
2. Using your periodic table, complete the chart.
Element
Li
Element’s Family
Element’s Name
Group Number
Be
Ne
Cl
F
Ar
K
Sr
Ca
I
3. Using your periodic table, complete the following chart.
Name of
Element
Nitrogen
Chemical
Symbol
Atomic
Mass
Atomic
Number
# of
Protons
# of
Electrons
20
19
14
47
Sulfur
200.59
28
4.
Which family does calcium (Ca) belong to?
___________________________________________________________
5.
Which period does calcium belong to? ___________________________
6.
List the chemical symbols of the elements that have similar properties to
calcium. ____________________________________________________
Bohr Diagrams
Bohr diagrams are used to show how electrons are arranged in an atom.
Electrons can be found orbiting the nucleus in shells. Each shell can only hold a
certain number of electrons before it becomes full.
EXAMPLE:
Fluorine
Atomic #:_______
Therefore - # of protons = _______
- # of electrons = _______
Drawing Bohr Diagrams - Practice
name of
element
helium
name of
element
name of
element
name of
element
atomic
number
atomic
number
# of p+
atomic
number
atomic
number
# of p+
# of p+
# of p+
# of e-
# of e-
# of e-
8
13
# of e-
4