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Bikini Bottom Genetics Practice #1 Name ___________________________ Scientists at Bikini Bottoms have been investigating the genetic makeup of the organisms in this community. Use the information provided and your knowledge of genetics to answer each question. 1. For each genotype below, indicate whether it is a heterozygous (He) OR homozygous (Ho). TT _____ Bb _____ DD _____ Ff _____ tt _____ dd _____ Dd _____ ff _____ Tt _____ bb _____ Which of the genotypes in #1 would be considered purebred? _______________________________ Which of the genotypes in #1 would be hybrids? __________________________________________ 2. Determine the phenotype for each genotype using the information provided about SpongeBob. Yellow body color is dominant to blue. YY ______________ Yy _____________ yy _______________ Square shape is dominant to round. SS ______________ Ss _____________ ss _______________ 3. For each phenotype, give the genotypes that are possible for Patrick. A tall head (T) is dominant to short (t). Tall = __________________ Short = __________________ Pink body color (P) is dominant to yellow (p). Pink body = __________ Yellow body = _____________ Genetics Reading Guide: Use your biology textbook to answer the following questions. Concept 10.1 Genetics developed from curiosity about inheritance. (p.206-207) _________________ is the study of heredity. One of the first scientists to use experiments to investigate inheritance patterns was _________ __________. He developed the particulate hypothesis of inheritance, which states that parents pass to their offspring separate and distinct factors that are responsible for inherited traits. Today, Mendel’s factors are called ___________. Mendel used true-breeding ________ plants in his experiments. When self-fertilized, these plants always produce offspring _____________ to the parent. To test his theory, Mendel used the sperm from one true-breeding plant to fertilize the eggs of another true-breeding plant with a different trait. This process is called ________- _____________. Bikini Bottom Genetics Practice #1 Name ___________________________ Scientists at Bikini Bottoms have been investigating the genetic makeup of the organisms in this community. Use the information provided and your knowledge of genetics to answer each question. 1. For each genotype below, indicate whether it is a heterozygous (He) OR homozygous (Ho). TT _____ Bb _____ DD _____ Ff _____ tt _____ dd _____ Dd _____ ff _____ Tt _____ bb _____ Which of the genotypes in #1 would be considered purebred? _______________________________ Which of the genotypes in #1 would be hybrids? __________________________________________ 2. Determine the phenotype for each genotype using the information provided about SpongeBob. Yellow body color is dominant to blue. YY ______________ Yy _____________ yy _______________ Square shape is dominant to round. SS ______________ Ss _____________ ss _______________ 3. For each phenotype, give the genotypes that are possible for Patrick. A tall head (T) is dominant to short (t). Tall = __________________ Short = __________________ Pink body color (P) is dominant to yellow (p). Pink body = __________ Yellow body = _____________ Genetics Reading Guide: Use your biology textbook to answer the following questions. Concept 10.1 Genetics developed from curiosity about inheritance. (p.206-207) _________________ is the study of heredity. One of the first scientists to use experiments to investigate inheritance patterns was _________ __________. He developed the particulate hypothesis of inheritance, which states that parents pass to their offspring separate and distinct factors that are responsible for inherited traits. Today, Mendel’s factors are called ___________. Mendel used true-breeding ________ plants in his experiments. When self-fertilized, these plants always produce offspring _____________ to the parent. To test his theory, Mendel used the sperm from one true-breeding plant to fertilize the eggs of another true-breeding plant with a different trait. This process is called ________- _____________. Concept 10.2 Mendel discovered that inheritance follows rules of chance. (p. 208-214) The offspring of 2 true-breeding plants are called ______________. Mendel performed _______________ crosses, which are matings between plants that differ in only one character. Mendel developed the following 4 hypotheses about inheritance patterns: 1. There are alternate forms of genes, called _______________. 2. For each inherited character, an organism has 2 alleles, one from each _____________. A ______________individual has 2 of the SAME alleles for a character. A ________________ individual has different alleles for that character. 3. When only one of the 2 different alleles seems to affect a trait, that allele is called the ________________ allele and is written as an upper case letter. The allele that does NOT appear to affect a trait is called the ________________ allele and is written as a lower case letter. 4. When ____________ form, the alleles separate. Each gamete carries one allele for each trait. This is called the _______________ of __________________. A ______________ ______________ is a diagram that shows the different possible combinations of alleles and the probability that each combination will occur. The genetic makeup of an individual is its _________________. An observable trait, such as eye color, is a _________________. If an organism shows the recessive phenotype, its genotype is _________________ recessive. If the organism shows the dominant phenotype, it could be _______________ or ________________ dominant. A _______________ breeds an individual with the dominant phenotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the dominate individual’s genotype. Mendel also studied ______________ _____________, crosses of individual’s with 2 differing characters. His results led him to develop the principle of _______________ ______________, which states that the alleles for different genes are sorted into gametes independently. Concept 10.2 Mendel discovered that inheritance follows rules of chance. (p. 208-214) The offspring of 2 true-breeding plants are called ______________. Mendel performed _______________ crosses, which are matings between plants that differ in only one character. Mendel developed the following 4 hypotheses about inheritance patterns: 1. There are alternate forms of genes, called _______________. 2. For each inherited character, an organism has 2 alleles, one from each _____________. A ______________individual has 2 of the SAME alleles for a character. A ________________ individual has different alleles for that character. 3. When only one of the 2 different alleles seems to affect a trait, that allele is called the ________________ allele and is written as an upper case letter. The allele that does NOT appear to affect a trait is called the ________________ allele and is written as a lower case letter. 4. When ____________ form, the alleles separate. Each gamete carries one allele for each trait. This is called the _______________ of __________________. A ______________ ______________ is a diagram that shows the different possible combinations of alleles and the probability that each combination will occur. The genetic makeup of an individual is its _________________. An observable trait, such as eye color, is a _________________. If an organism shows the recessive phenotype, its genotype is _________________ recessive. If the organism shows the dominant phenotype, it could be _______________ or ________________ dominant. A _______________ breeds an individual with the dominant phenotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the dominate individual’s genotype. Mendel also studied ______________ _____________, crosses of individual’s with 2 differing characters. His results led him to develop the principle of _______________ ______________, which states that the alleles for different genes are sorted into gametes independently.