Download Genetic Notes review page (blanks filled in except for

Name: ___________________________________________Hr. ____ Date: __________
Definitions:
1. The factors that control traits. __Genes________
2. The passing of traits from parent to offspring. ___inheritance______
3. A chart that shows all of the possible combinations of alleles that can result from
a genetic cross. ___Punnett Square______
4. An organism that has 2 identical alleles for a trait. _homozygous____
5. The scientific study of heredity. ____Genetics_______
6. The physical characteristics of an organism __Features (or Traits would work
here too)_____
7. The actual physical appearance of an organism, its visible traits.
____Phenotype___
8. An organism's genetic makeup, the combination of alleles that an organism has.
_____Genotype_________
9. An allele whose trait always is seen in the organism when the allele is present in
either of the two gene locations. __dominant________
10. The different form of a gene. __allele____
11. A genotype that has 2 different alleles for a gene. ____heterozygous______
12. An allele whose trait is covered up whenever the dominant allele is present.
___recessive_____
13. The Father of Modern Genetics ____Gregor Mendel___________
14. Who studied maize (corn) plants to see genes changing position? ____Dr
McClintock______
15. A gene that has the characteristic of “jumping” or changing position is called?
_____transposable or Activator_______
Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction
1. Which has 2 parents to create the new organism? __Sexual________
2. Which only has 1 parent to create the new organism? __Asexual______
3. Genes are carried from parents to their offspring on __chromosomes________.
4. Sperm carries which two chromosomes in sexual reproduction? __X Y__
5. When the offspring is not identical to the parent due to combining different genes,
you have noticed what type of reproduction? ___Sexual______
6. Four types of asexual reproduction: __Binary fission_____, __runners (also
called Vegetative Propagation) ____, __budding____, ___fragmentation (also
called regeneration)______. ((There is one we do not learn about in 7th grade
called: Parthenogenesis -Though most of the organisms that use asexual
reproduction are invertebrates, several species of vertebrate animals do make use
of it. Some, like copperhead snakes, Amazonian frogs, Komodo dragons can
reproduce asexually as an alternative to their typical sexual reproduction. Through
a process called parthenogenesis -- literally "virgin birth" -- females can give birth
to live young without having been inseminated by a male, even when males are
available. In this form of parthenogenesis, the polar body, or a cell produced
alongside the female's egg, acts as a sperm cell and essentially "fertilizes" the egg.
Parthenogenesis has been observed in several species of reptiles, birds and sharks,
and is especially common in insects.
7. Meiosis is when the parent cell divides into two sex cells during sexual
reproduction. Each parent cell splits half of the chromosomes into each sex cell.
As humans have 46 chromosomes, this means only 23 is in the sex cell in sexual
reproduction.
Name: ___________________________________________Hr. ____ Date: __________
8. In mitosis, during Asexual reproduction, the parent cell copies itself creating an
identical copy of itself as a daughter cell.
Punnett Squares
1. Label the phenotype of Gg if green is dominant ___Green________
2. Label the phenotype of GG, if Green is dominant _____Green______
3. Label the phenotype of gg, if green is dominant ___Not green - OR - Other than
green________________
4. Describe the genotypes: II _homozygous dominant_____, Ii
_heterozygous____, ii __homozygous recessive________
5. Draw the punnett square for the pairing of these two parents, if average arches are
dominant Aa x aa
A
a
a
Aa
aa
a
Aa
aa
6. Draw the punnett squares for the pairing of these two parents, if tall is dominant
for a birch tree: TT x tt
& LABEL the offspring’s phenotypes.
T
T
t
Tt
Tt
100% chance of tall
t
Tt
Tt
0% chance of short