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Transcript
KS4 – Definitions Chromosome A threadlike structure of DNA which is found in the nucleus of a cell. Chromosomes carry genetic information in the form of genes Gene A unit of inheritance Embryo A fertilised egg that has the potential to develop into a foetus Fertilisation The fusion of nuclei from a male and female gamete (egg & sperm) Foetus The term used for an embryo after the eighth week of development until birth. Gamete The male sperm or female egg which fuse together (to form a zygote) Allele Different forms of the same gene Carrier A person who is heterozygous for a characteristic, and so has one dominant and one recessive allele. They ‘carry’ the gene for a disorder but are not affected themselves. Recessive allele A form of a gene that is only expressed in the homozygous state Dominant allele A form a gene that is always expressed in the phenotype Inherited disorders A condition which is genetic in origin and can be passed down generations e.g. Cystic fibrosis, Huntingdon’s chorea IVF The penetration of an egg by a sperm and the formation of an embryo in the laboratory (in vitro fertilisation). Designer babies The term used (often by the media) to mean the selection of viable embryos before implantation.
