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Life Science
Chapter 3 Sec 1
Four Classes of Organic
Compounds:
1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Lipids
4. Nucleic Acids
Nutrients which provide
energy and raw material the
body needs to grow, repair
worn parts and function
properly.
Carbohydrates – Energy rich
Carbo = “carbon” Hydrate =
“combine with water”
Simple Carbohydrates:
“Blood sugar” – glucose
C 6 H 12 O 6
White baking sugar – sucrose
C 12 H 22 O 11
Complex Carbs. – Polymer of
smaller molecules. Simple
carbs bonded to one another.
Ex: Starch/cellulose
Starch – plants store energy
in this form.
*How does the body break
down complex carbs?
Chemical reactions during
digestion. Uses broken down
molecules – stores glucose
for energy.
Cellulose – Our body can not
break down this type of
starch so it cannot use
cellulose as an energy source.
(It is a source of FIBER)
Good for the digestive tract.
Protein – Your muscles, hair,
skin, and fingernails are
made of protein.
Amino Acids –proteins are the
building blocks of amino
acids. There are 20 kinds
found in living things. Each
has a carboxyl group (COOH) and an Amino group
(-NH2).
The remaining part makes
each one different. P. 287
The body uses proteins from
food to build and repair body
parts and regulate cell
activity. Proteins are broken
down into amino acids.
The AA gets reassembled
into thousands of different
proteins that can be used by
cells.
Lipids– are rich in energy
They consist of fats, oils,
waxes and cholesterol. They
release two times as much
energy than carbohydrates.
They mix poorly with water.
Set up as a glycerol with 3
fatty acids attached.
Saturated fats = single bond
Unsaturated fats = Mono has
double bonds
Poly has many double bonds
Cholesterol – is NOT a
source of energy. The body
produces cholesterol. If
needed it gets it from other
nutrients. (Plants do not
produce cholesterol).
Nucleic Acids – are large
organic molecules. (EX:
DNA & RNA).
Nucleotides – building blocks
of Nucleic Acids. (There are
4 different kinds).
Vitamins – Not organic
compounds. Serve as helper
molecules in a variety of
chemical reactions.
Minerals– Are Not organic
compounds. They are
elements in the form of ions
which are important for many
of the body’s processes.
(EX: iron, calcium, iodine,
sodium, and potassium).
Water – is not an o/c but your
body needs it to survive. It
makes up approximately 50%
- 65% of your body.
Nutrients dissolve in the
watery part of the blood and
are carried throughout the
body.