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Download Organic Macromolecules
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Organic Molecules Carbon is the Main Ingredient in Organic Molecules Organic Compounds • Hydrocarbons are composed of only carbon and hydrogen • Functional groups are groups of atoms within a molecule that interact in predictable ways with other molecules Organic Compounds • Contain carbon • Found in living things • • • • Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates provide fuel and building material • Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (1:2:1) • -ose suffix • Source of energy for cells • Provides structural framework for plant cells Monosaccharides – monomer – Immediate energy – Glucose, Fructose Carbohydrates provide fuel and building material Disaccharides – Must be broken down to utilize energy – Sucrose (table sugar), maltose Sucralose Carbohydrates provide fuel and building material Polysaccharides – Polymer – Must be broken down to utilize energy – Starch, Cellulose (fiber), Glycogen (animals) Diseases and Disorders Related to Carbohydrates • Lactose Intolerance • Gluten Intolerance • Diabetes Lipids • • • • • • Hydrophobic- “water-fearing” Build cell membranes Long-term energy storage Cushion organs Insulation Aid in the absorption of vitamins A, D, E and K • Slows the emptying of stomach so you feel fuller longer Fats • Saturated Fats – Solid at room temperature – All carbons make 4 single bonds – Not easily digested – Butter, marbled meat, shortening • Unsaturated Fats – Liquid at room temperature – Some carbons make double bonds – Digested readily – oils Steroids • All have 4 fused rings • Differ in kinds and locations of functional groups- small changes make for big differences! • Circulate body as chemical signals • Responsible for our secondary sex characteristics Total Cholesterol levels should be <200 LDL “bad cholesterol <100 HDL “good cholesterol >50 Proteins Made of amino acids • Build muscle • Responsible for most of our physical and chemical characteristics – – – – – – Skin color Hair color Eye color Height Temperament Metabolism • Enzymes (proteins) play a critical role in chemical reactions within living organisms Nucleic Acids • Well, we will get to these later…….
