Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Peer pressure wikipedia , lookup
Mnemic neglect wikipedia , lookup
False consensus effect wikipedia , lookup
Introspection illusion wikipedia , lookup
Social tuning wikipedia , lookup
Communication in small groups wikipedia , lookup
Memory conformity wikipedia , lookup
Stanley Milgram wikipedia , lookup
Philip Zimbardo wikipedia , lookup
Stanford prison experiment wikipedia , lookup
Solomon Asch wikipedia , lookup
PDF FILE DOWNLOAD- ANSWERS Answer Sheet: Module 3 Social Influence and Ethics Test: Q1. Crutchfield = 'yielding to group pressure' Q2. Zimbardo and Lieppe = '..a change in belief or behaviour in response to real or imagined group pressure nor any reason to justify the behaviour change'. Q3. Group Pressure/Pressure exerted by those groups that are important to the individual at a given time/Conformity is yielding to real or imagined group pressure Q4. Explanation of Sherif study - aims, findings/results, answers given on own then in group/ individuals converged into the group. Q5. Brown (1996) raises more questions than provides answers/ what sense were they in a group/ group norms/joint activity. Q6.Asch thought the study was too ambiguous/ best to measure conformity with an easier task. Q7. Asch's study - 4 major points needed. Q8. Asch paradigm - (pg110 G&M) Q9. Wanted to act in accordance with the experimenter/wanted to convey a favourable impression of themselves/some genuinely doubted their own judgement/some denied being aware of being given the wrong answer's/didn't want to look inferior/some went along with the answers of the majority/potential of ridicule. Q10. Group Size/Unanimity/Task difficulty/Gender and Individual differences. Q11. Indian teachers in Fiji conformed the highest/Students were lower than non-students/Japanese students who knew conformed more than those who didn't. Q12.The majority Q13. Spencer and Perrin - ask if reports of Asch's experiments have overstated the power of the majority to force minority individuals to agree with the obviously mistaken judgements. Q14.Moscovici and Faucheux (1972) argue that it is more useful to think of the naive participants the majority and the stooges as the minority. Q15.Moscovic (1976) reanalysed data from Asch's experiment finding that when there were more critical than neutral trials, the stooges appeared more consistent as a group, producing a higher rate of conformity. Q16. Hogg and Vaughan - disrupt majority norm/draw attention to itself as an entity/convey the existence of an alternative point of view/shows that the only solution to the current conflict is the one given by the minority. Q17. ISI = people believe in the superior knowledge or judgement of others, leading to change their private opinion. Q18. NSI = you want to be liked by the group, not changing your private opinion. Q19. The 2 types of conformity related to NSI and ISI = internalisation an compliance Q20.The distinction between NSI and ISI = the dual process model. Q21. 4 differences between obedience and conformity = Obedience occurs within a hierarchy, the actor feels the person above has the right to prescribe behaviour. Links one status to another/behaviour adopted differs from behaviour of authority figure/participants embrace obedience as an explanation for their behaviour. Conformity regulates the behaviour among those of an equal status/behaviour adopted is similar to that of peers/requirement of going along with the group is often implicit/participant deny conformity as an explanation for their behaviour. Q22. Describe Milgram's experiment ( 4 main points) Q23. Situational factors in obedience = personal responsibility/perception of legitimate authority/not knowing how to disobey/socialisation Q24.Describe Hofling's experiment Q25. How can obedience be reduced - environment in less authoritative place/experimenter giving orders indirectly/doing the experiment with confederates refusing to give shocks. Q26. Criticisms of Milgram's study = unrepresentative sample/more male participants used/some believed that they really weren't hurting the 'learner'/obedience could have been because of demand characteristics/crosscultural differences/lacks ecological validity/ Q27. How can we resist obedience = we will not rebel if our freedom is under threat/can educate people about the dangers of blind obedience/encourage them to question authority/ Q28. Zimbardo's' experiment - 4 main points Q29. Ethical guidelines in psychology and explain Consent - participants have to informed of the nature of the study, and all other aspects of the study which might influence their willingness to participate Deception - participants should be told of the purpose of the study, and deception should be avoided wherever possible Debriefing - steps must be taken to ensure that the participants leave the experimental situation in the same state that they entered it in. And post-experimental briefing must be used. Protection of participants - the investigator has the responsibility to protect his partic's from any psychological or emotional harm. Q31. The ethical concerns with the experiments - Milgram - deception/protection of participants Zimbardo - protection of participants/did they give consent to being so mistreated?