Unit 14 Practice Test A - Lewis
... a. people often fail to notice the influence they exert over others. b. a pooling of efforts toward a common goal contributes to social loafing. c. the presence of others interferes with individual performance on difficult tasks. d. actions may sometimes be inconsistent with attitudes. e. group disc ...
... a. people often fail to notice the influence they exert over others. b. a pooling of efforts toward a common goal contributes to social loafing. c. the presence of others interferes with individual performance on difficult tasks. d. actions may sometimes be inconsistent with attitudes. e. group disc ...
Social Change: Mechanisms and Metaphors
... Wilbert E. Moore was an important functionalist who nevertheless complained about the “myth of a singular theory of change.” Models that (like Rostow’s) imagined that societies went through some kind of dynamic “take–off” were “clearly wrong in exaggerating the static qualities of pre– modern societ ...
... Wilbert E. Moore was an important functionalist who nevertheless complained about the “myth of a singular theory of change.” Models that (like Rostow’s) imagined that societies went through some kind of dynamic “take–off” were “clearly wrong in exaggerating the static qualities of pre– modern societ ...
Attribution Theory
... one study, Manusov (2002) reported evidence that attributions made by one spouse for his or her spouse’s nonverbal cues may also influence the behaviors the attributor expresses toward the other (e.g., when one spouse attributed greater control to his or her partner’s emotional expressions, the attr ...
... one study, Manusov (2002) reported evidence that attributions made by one spouse for his or her spouse’s nonverbal cues may also influence the behaviors the attributor expresses toward the other (e.g., when one spouse attributed greater control to his or her partner’s emotional expressions, the attr ...
Rettus
... fact regarding the boundaries, identification outside of the boundary will have some influence on identity. The role of the intimate as an appropriate source of authority may be challenged on the basis of the intimates’ interest in each other. Individuals often have desires to identify with desires, ...
... fact regarding the boundaries, identification outside of the boundary will have some influence on identity. The role of the intimate as an appropriate source of authority may be challenged on the basis of the intimates’ interest in each other. Individuals often have desires to identify with desires, ...
Bulletin Personality and Social Psychology
... ultimate attribution error. Note, however, that the findings described above pertain to intergroup comparisons, whereas we are concerned with attitudinal similarity in this article. Can attitudinal similarity (involving comparisons between those with whom one agrees vs. those with whom one disagrees ...
... ultimate attribution error. Note, however, that the findings described above pertain to intergroup comparisons, whereas we are concerned with attitudinal similarity in this article. Can attitudinal similarity (involving comparisons between those with whom one agrees vs. those with whom one disagrees ...
Anchoring and objectifying `neocortical warfare`
... a Jewish plot in favour of a seemingly more acceptable version of conspiratorial explanation. The focus of attention gradually shifted away from the Jews as conspirators, towards non-ethnic world elite organisations such as the Council on Foreign Relations or the Bilderberg group (Lipsett & Raab, 19 ...
... a Jewish plot in favour of a seemingly more acceptable version of conspiratorial explanation. The focus of attention gradually shifted away from the Jews as conspirators, towards non-ethnic world elite organisations such as the Council on Foreign Relations or the Bilderberg group (Lipsett & Raab, 19 ...
Norm Internalization: A Comment on Philip Pettit, Norms
... conventions) that are not norms even in Pettit’s expansive definition (p.4), which I accept. His definition requires that, to qualify as a norm, a behavioral regularity “cannot be a matter of [open] indifference” but compliance with the regularity “must be expected to attract approv ...
... conventions) that are not norms even in Pettit’s expansive definition (p.4), which I accept. His definition requires that, to qualify as a norm, a behavioral regularity “cannot be a matter of [open] indifference” but compliance with the regularity “must be expected to attract approv ...
Accessing Social Capital - National Gateway to Self
... accepted. Definitions of social capital vary considerably since researchers often include within them expressions of their disciplinary goals, their views about where social capital originates or resides, or how its service capacity can be changed (Robison et al., 2002). However, there is an emergin ...
... accepted. Definitions of social capital vary considerably since researchers often include within them expressions of their disciplinary goals, their views about where social capital originates or resides, or how its service capacity can be changed (Robison et al., 2002). However, there is an emergin ...
Peer-reviewed Article PDF
... or psychological variables, because they are relying on official aggregated data. Ignoring individual psychological and internal variables, theories only with social factors are limited to explain the suicide completion. Agnew (1992) developed general strain theory (GST) in order to improve Merton’s ...
... or psychological variables, because they are relying on official aggregated data. Ignoring individual psychological and internal variables, theories only with social factors are limited to explain the suicide completion. Agnew (1992) developed general strain theory (GST) in order to improve Merton’s ...
How to Make Cognitive Illusions Disappear
... social psychologists following in their footsteps, have neglected conceptual distinctions that are fundamental to probability and statistics. Secondly, I will show that if we pay attention to these conceptual distinctions, we can make apparently stable “cognitive illusions” disappear, reappear, or e ...
... social psychologists following in their footsteps, have neglected conceptual distinctions that are fundamental to probability and statistics. Secondly, I will show that if we pay attention to these conceptual distinctions, we can make apparently stable “cognitive illusions” disappear, reappear, or e ...
What a Good Idea! Frames and Ideologies in Social Movement
... Analysis (1974), and Forms of Talk (1981) Goffman explored types and levels of framing activities. In Forms of Talk, Goffman discussed t he several layers of framing in interaction, and shifted his focus to linguistic analysis of conversational conventions that mark the application and changes in in ...
... Analysis (1974), and Forms of Talk (1981) Goffman explored types and levels of framing activities. In Forms of Talk, Goffman discussed t he several layers of framing in interaction, and shifted his focus to linguistic analysis of conversational conventions that mark the application and changes in in ...
Cuteness and Disgust: The Humanizing and Dehumanizing Effects
... social value of the entity. The extent to which social engagement with a particular person would be expected to be psychologically rewarding can be thought of as the proximate social value of that person. This proximate social value often tracks evolutionary significance—which can be thought of as u ...
... social value of the entity. The extent to which social engagement with a particular person would be expected to be psychologically rewarding can be thought of as the proximate social value of that person. This proximate social value often tracks evolutionary significance—which can be thought of as u ...
Figures not included
... tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable Table of Contents ...
... tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable Table of Contents ...
2017 Unit 14 Practice Test B - Lewis
... that he dislikes teaching. The teacher, on the other hand, is distressed because he sees Carol's restlessness as an indication that she lacks any motivation to learn. At this point, both student and teacher should be informed of the dangers of a. group polarization. b. the mere exposure effect. c. d ...
... that he dislikes teaching. The teacher, on the other hand, is distressed because he sees Carol's restlessness as an indication that she lacks any motivation to learn. At this point, both student and teacher should be informed of the dangers of a. group polarization. b. the mere exposure effect. c. d ...
Chapter 4: Perception, Attribution, and the Management of
... subordinate is likely to be lower if that subordinate is in a group with very high performers rather than in a group with very low performers. ...
... subordinate is likely to be lower if that subordinate is in a group with very high performers rather than in a group with very low performers. ...
Aim: What is deviance? - Hauppauge School District
... probably a ritualist. If you’re like WorldCom CEO Bernard Ebbers and want to earn big rewards but have few scruples about how you reach them, you’re an innovator. You’re a retreatist if you reject all means and goals of society. You’re a rebel, like Che Guevara, if you not only reject social means a ...
... probably a ritualist. If you’re like WorldCom CEO Bernard Ebbers and want to earn big rewards but have few scruples about how you reach them, you’re an innovator. You’re a retreatist if you reject all means and goals of society. You’re a rebel, like Che Guevara, if you not only reject social means a ...
oppression of the bereaved: a critical analysis of grief in western
... power dynamics into social analysis. I began with critical theory, as it examines social norms and conditions in order to identify and expose power, control, and oppression in various contexts. Oppression is defined as the act of using power to empower and/or grant privilege to a group at the expens ...
... power dynamics into social analysis. I began with critical theory, as it examines social norms and conditions in order to identify and expose power, control, and oppression in various contexts. Oppression is defined as the act of using power to empower and/or grant privilege to a group at the expens ...
Center for Culture, Organizations and Politics UC Berkeley
... and the number of new institutionalisms might be much higher. Given this lack of agreement, one could suggest that it is foolhardy to propose that we are at a point where a dialogue oriented towards a critical understanding of similarities and differences is possible. I am motivated to begin this ta ...
... and the number of new institutionalisms might be much higher. Given this lack of agreement, one could suggest that it is foolhardy to propose that we are at a point where a dialogue oriented towards a critical understanding of similarities and differences is possible. I am motivated to begin this ta ...
ATTITUDE CHANGE Persuasion and Social Influence
... typing at a fast speed), they accepted a witness’s report of their actions and (incorrectly) confessed to the allegation. For the majority of participants, the confession was not mere compliance. Over half reported in a subsequent discussion that they had performed the negligent act, and over a thir ...
... typing at a fast speed), they accepted a witness’s report of their actions and (incorrectly) confessed to the allegation. For the majority of participants, the confession was not mere compliance. Over half reported in a subsequent discussion that they had performed the negligent act, and over a thir ...
Social Norms - Penn Arts and Sciences
... Social norms, like many other social phenomena, are the unplanned, unexpected result of individuals' interactions. It has been argued (Bicchieri 2006) that social norms ought to be understood as a kind of grammar of social interactions. Like a grammar, a system of norms specifies what is acceptable ...
... Social norms, like many other social phenomena, are the unplanned, unexpected result of individuals' interactions. It has been argued (Bicchieri 2006) that social norms ought to be understood as a kind of grammar of social interactions. Like a grammar, a system of norms specifies what is acceptable ...
Paranoid Beliefs and Self-Criticism in Students
... which stimulate a search for meaning, and this process activates various paranoid beliefs and further stimulates a sense of threat. It is also possible that such experiences have more direct access to basic threat systems and it is the inner experience of threat that then generates paranoid-type exp ...
... which stimulate a search for meaning, and this process activates various paranoid beliefs and further stimulates a sense of threat. It is also possible that such experiences have more direct access to basic threat systems and it is the inner experience of threat that then generates paranoid-type exp ...
Behavioral Realism in Employment Discrimination Law: Implicit Bias
... Sometimes, behavioral theories enter case law as mere rhetorical flourishes, used to justify legal decisions made for reasons having nothing to do with the empirical validity of the theories themselves. However, once embedded in published decisions, a behavioral theory can develop precedential legit ...
... Sometimes, behavioral theories enter case law as mere rhetorical flourishes, used to justify legal decisions made for reasons having nothing to do with the empirical validity of the theories themselves. However, once embedded in published decisions, a behavioral theory can develop precedential legit ...
Living Stigma: The Impact of Labeling
... stereotyped, and separated from others, they experience felt stigma. Status loss and discrimination occur when stigma interferes with an individual’s ability to participate fully in the social and economic life of her/his community. When individuals lose status or are discriminated against because o ...
... stereotyped, and separated from others, they experience felt stigma. Status loss and discrimination occur when stigma interferes with an individual’s ability to participate fully in the social and economic life of her/his community. When individuals lose status or are discriminated against because o ...
Mind Self and Society from the Standpoint of a Social Behaviorist
... process is essential for the development of the self. The self has a character which is different from that of the physiological organism proper. The self is something which has a development; it is not initially there, at birth, but arises in the process of social experience and activity, that is, ...
... process is essential for the development of the self. The self has a character which is different from that of the physiological organism proper. The self is something which has a development; it is not initially there, at birth, but arises in the process of social experience and activity, that is, ...
Social Psych - Plain Local Schools
... reveals a major lesson: often it is not so much the kind of person a man is as the kind of situation in which he finds himself that determines how he will ...
... reveals a major lesson: often it is not so much the kind of person a man is as the kind of situation in which he finds himself that determines how he will ...
Self-categorization theory
Self-categorization theory is a social psychological theory that describes the circumstances under which a person will perceive collections of people (including themselves) as a group, as well as the consequences of perceiving people in group terms. Although the theory is often introduced as an explanation of psychological group formation (which was one of its early goals), it is more accurately thought of as general analysis of the functioning of categorization processes in social perception and interaction that speaks to issues of individual identity as much as group phenomena.The theory was developed by John Turner and colleagues, and along with social identity theory it is a constituent part of the social identity approach. It was in part developed to address questions that arose in response to social identity theory about the mechanistic underpinnings of social identification. For example, what makes people define themselves in terms of one group membership rather than another? Self-categorization theory has been influential in the academic field of social psychology and beyond. It was first applied to the topics of social influence, group cohesion, group polarization, and collective action. In subsequent years the theory, often as part of the social identity approach, has been applied to further topics such as leadership, personality, outgroup homogeneity, and power. One tenet of the theory is that the self should not be considered as a foundational aspect of cognition, but rather the self should be seen as a product of the cognitive system at work. Or in other words, the self is an outcome of cognitive processes rather than a ""thing"" at the heart of cognition.