Download 2017 Unit 14 Practice Test B - Lewis

2017 Unit 14 Practice Test B
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. The text defines social psychology as the scientific study of how people ________ one another.
a. understand, feel about, and behave toward
b. think about, influence, and relate to
c. observe, understand, and communicate with
d. understand, predict, and control
e. perceive, think about, and talk about
____
2. Fritz Heider concluded that people tend to attribute others' behavior either to their
a. heredity or their environment.
b. biological motives or their psychological motives.
c. thoughts or their emotions.
d. dispositions or their situations.
e. abilities or their effort.
____
3. An example of the fundamental attribution error is illustrated in our tendency to underestimate the
extent to which others' behavior is influenced by
a. genetics.
b. assigned roles.
c. their political philosophy.
d. their level of motivation.
e. personality traits.
____
4. How does our explanation of strangers' behavior differ from that of our own behavior?
a. We explain strangers' behavior in terms of informational influence and our own
behavior in terms of normative influence.
b. We explain strangers' behavior in terms of situational constraints and our own
behavior in terms of personality traits.
c. We explain strangers' behavior in terms of environmental influences and our own
behavior in terms of hereditary influences.
d. We explain strangers' behavior in terms of normative influence and our own
behavior in terms of informational influence.
e. We explain strangers' behavior in terms of personality traits and our own behavior
in terms of situational constraints.
____
5. Recognizing the powerful impact of social influence on others' behaviors is most likely to minimize
a. passionate love.
b. social facilitation.
c. the mere exposure effect.
d. the fundamental attribution error.
e. overjustification effect.
____
6. Compared with people from East Asian cultures, those from individualistic Western countries are
more likely to demonstrate
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
____
conformity.
ingroup bias.
ethnic stereotyping.
the fundamental attribution error.
obedience.
7. Caitlin concluded that her husband was late for dinner because he was caught in heavy traffic. Her
conclusion best illustrates
a. deindividuation.
b. the bystander effect.
c. a situational attribution.
d. the reciprocity norm.
e. a dispositional attribution.
____
8. The fundamental attribution error is likely to be restrained by observing someone
a. in a variety of situations.
b. who is unemployed.
c. who is wealthy.
d. we dislike.
e. in a stressful situation.
____
9. Poverty and unemployment are likely to be explained in terms of personal dispositions by ________
and in terms of situational influences by ________.
a. the poor; the rich
b. attribution theory; social exchange theory
c. social psychologists; evolutionary psychologists
d. political conservatives; political liberals
e. men; women
____ 10. Carol is restless during class because her teacher's distressed facial expressions lead her to believe
that he dislikes teaching. The teacher, on the other hand, is distressed because he sees Carol's
restlessness as an indication that she lacks any motivation to learn. At this point, both student and
teacher should be informed of the dangers of
a. group polarization.
b. the mere exposure effect.
c. deindividuation.
d. the fundamental attribution error.
e. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
____ 11. Our attitudes are more likely to guide our actions when we
a. experience a sense of deindividuation.
b. feel incompetent or insecure.
c. can easily recall our attitudes.
d. are exposed to normative social influence.
e. have a rich fantasy life.
____ 12. Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to cheat on his income tax returns?
a. Jake, who loves his country
b.
c.
d.
e.
Jonas, who admires personal honesty
Mikhail, who positively values paying his full income tax
Fabio, who cares little about personal wealth
Donald, who bases his self-worth on his income
____ 13. The tendency for initial compliance with a small request to facilitate subsequent compliance with a
larger request is known as the
a. mere exposure effect.
b. fundamental attribution error.
c. reciprocity norm.
d. foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
e. bystander effect.
____ 14. When a salesperson visits your home and asks you to try a free sample of a cleaning fluid, you agree.
When he returns the following week and asks you to purchase an assortment of expensive cleaning
products, you make the purchase. The salesperson appears to have made effective use of
a. the bystander effect.
b. the fundamental attribution error.
c. the social responsibility norm.
d. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
e. deindividuation.
____ 15. The set of prescribed behaviors associated with a particular social position is best described as a(n)
a. ingroup bias.
b. attribution.
c. attitude.
d. role.
e. altruism.
____ 16. The discomfort we feel when two thoughts are inconsistent is called
a. cognitive dissonance.
b. implicit prejudice.
c. deindividuation.
d. social loafing.
e. the fundamental attribution error.
____ 17. Which theory best explains why our actions can lead us to modify our attitudes?
a. equity theory
b. scapegoat theory
c. cognitive dissonance theory
d. social exchange theory
e. the two-factor theory
____ 18. Fernando's favorable attitude toward capital punishment began to change when he was asked to offer
arguments opposing it in a class debate. His attitude change is best explained by ________ theory.
a. cognitive dissonance
b. social exchange
c. scapegoat
d. equity
e. the two-factor
____ 19. When no weapons of mass destruction were found following the U.S. invasion of Iraq, some
Americans revised their memories of the main rationale for going to war. The text author suggests
that we can best explain why people changed their memories in terms of
a. social exchange theory.
b. equity theory.
c. the two-factor theory.
d. cognitive dissonance theory.
e. social traps.
____ 20. Cognitive dissonance theory is most helpful for understanding
a. the mere exposure effect.
b. group polarization.
c. the fundamental attribution error.
d. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
e. the bystander effect.
____ 21. Which of the following is most likely to help us empathize with others?
a. the bystander effect.
b. the chameleon effect.
c. mirror-image perceptions.
d. social facilitation.
e. central route persuasion.
____ 22. Adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard is called
a. the reciprocity norm.
b. peripheral route persuasion.
c. social loafing.
d. conformity.
e. obedience.
____ 23. Solomon Asch asked people to identify which of three comparison lines was identical to a standard
line. His research was designed to study
a. the mere exposure effect.
b. the fundamental attribution error.
c. social facilitation.
d. deindividuation.
e. conformity.
____ 24. Naseeb disagrees with his classmates on an issue. During a class discussion of the issue, Naseeb is
MOST likely to conform to his classmates' opinion if he
a. has a high level of self-esteem.
b. does not have to reveal his personal opinion at the close of the class discussion.
c. believes the rest of the class is unanimous in their position.
d. verbally expresses his own unique opinion early in the class discussion.
e. never developed a strong attachment to his mother.
____ 25. Alex thinks drinking sugar-laden sodas is bad for you but other players on his hockey team insist
that it is not. Alex is likely to conform to their opinion if
a. he has publicly voiced his opinion on this issue.
b. there is obvious disagreement among team players regarding the issue.
c. he feels insecure in his role as a new member of the team.
d. there are very few team members whom he currently wants to befriend.
e. the other players consider him to be one of the leaders of the team.
____ 26. Yuri decided to delay his road trip after hearing a weather forecaster warn that a severe snowstorm
would pass through the area within several hours. Yuri's decision best illustrates the impact of
a. the mere exposure effect.
b. informational social influence.
c. social facilitation.
d. the reciprocity norm.
e. normative social influence.
____ 27. Normative social influence results from peoples' desire to
a. clarify reality.
b. maintain personal control.
c. gain social approval.
d. demonstrate self-restraint.
e. avoid deindividuation.
____ 28. Conformity resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval is said to be a
response to
a. the reciprocity norm.
b. social facilitation.
c. normative social influence.
d. informational social influence.
e. deindividuation.
____ 29. Toby publicly agrees with his friends that Ahmed, a senior, would make the best Student Senate
President. On the secret ballot, however, he actually votes for Yoram. Toby's public conformity to
his friends' opinion best illustrates the power of
a. social facilitation.
b. informational social influence.
c. deindividuation.
d. normative social influence.
e. the mere exposure effect.
____ 30. The value of social conformity is most likely to be emphasized in
a. England.
b. France.
c. Japan.
d. the United States.
e. Canada.
____ 31. The Milgram obedience experiments were controversial because the
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
“teachers” actually seemed to enjoy shocking the “learners.”
“learners” received painful electric shocks even if they had heart problems.
experiments were performed despite mass student protests against the research.
“teachers” were deceived and frequently subjected to stress.
participants were never debriefed about the true nature of the study.
____ 32. In 1942, German reserve police officers obeyed orders to kill some 1500 Jews in the village of
Jozefow, Poland. This incident illustrated that people are most likely to be destructively obedient
when
a. they fail to realize their actions are morally wrong.
b. their victims are distant and depersonalized.
c. they perceive their orders to come from legitimate authority figures.
d. they derive personal satisfaction from destructive acts.
e. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon is effective.
____ 33. According to Milgram, the most fundamental lesson to be learned from his study of obedience is that
a. people are naturally predisposed to be hostile and aggressive.
b. even ordinary people, who are not usually hostile, can become agents of
destruction.
c. the desire to be accepted by others is one of the strongest human motives.
d. people value their freedom and react negatively when they feel they are being
coerced to do something.
e. we are most likely to conform to the opinions of others when faced with a
unanimous opinion.
____ 34. Social facilitation is most likely to occur in the performance of ________ tasks.
a. challenging
b. unenjoyable
c. novel
d. simple
e. stressful
____ 35. How does the presence of observers affect a person's performance?
a. It improves performance on unenjoyable tasks and hinders a person's performance
on enjoyable tasks.
b. It improves performance on poorly learned tasks and hinders a person's
performance on well-learned tasks.
c. It improves performance on physical tasks and hinders a person's performance on
mental tasks.
d. It improves performance on verbal tasks and hinders a person's performance on
mathematical tasks.
e. It improves performance on easy tasks and hinders a person's performance on
difficult tasks.
____ 36. Comedy routines that are mildly amusing to people in an uncrowded room seem funnier in a densely
packed room. This is best explained in terms of
a. the mere exposure effect.
b. social facilitation.
c. the bystander effect.
d. ingroup bias.
e. social exchange theory.
____ 37. Blindfolded subjects were observed to clap louder when they thought they were clapping alone than
when they thought they were clapping with others. This best illustrates
a. the bystander effect.
b. the mere exposure effect.
c. social loafing.
d. group polarization.
e. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
____ 38. In which of the following groups is social loafing LEAST likely?
a. a highway crew responsible for filling potholes in streets and expressways
b. factory workers who are each paid on the basis of the number of bicycles each
assembles individually
c. Girl Scouts who must gather wood for a campfire
d. a game show audience instructed to applaud when the host appears on stage
e. high school students working on a group project for which they will all receive the
same grade
____ 39. Social loafing has been found to be especially noticeable among
a. women in cultures that value collectivism.
b. women in cultures that value individualism.
c. men in cultures that value collectivism.
d. men in cultures that value individualism.
e. both men and women in cultures that value collectivism.
____ 40. Individuals who are normally law-abiding may vandalize and loot when they become part of a mob.
This change in behavior is best understood in terms of
a. social facilitation.
b. the bystander effect.
c. the mere exposure effect.
d. deindividuation.
e. ingroup bias.
____ 41. Deindividuation refers to
a. lack of critical thinking due to a strong desire for social harmony within a group.
b. the tendency to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions on another's
behavior.
c. the failure to give aid in an emergency situation observed by many onlookers.
d. a loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and
anonymity.
e. the enhancement of a group's prevailing attitudes through group discussion.
____ 42. Circumstances that increase ________ are likely to reduce ________.
a. stress; social loafing
b. self-awareness; deindividuation
c. anonymity; groupthink
d. self-awareness; social facilitation
e. anonymity; stress
____ 43. If the political conservatism of students who join fraternities and sororities is greater than that of
students who do not, the gap in the political attitudes of the two groups will probably widen as they
progress through college. This would be best explained in terms of
a. social loafing.
b. the bystander effect.
c. deindividuation.
d. group polarization.
e. social facilitation.
____ 44. Professors Maksoud, Struthers, and Vasic each tend to think that obtaining a university degree is
easier today than it was when they were students. After discussing the matter over coffee, they are
even more convinced that obtaining a degree is easier today. This episode provides an example of
a. the fundamental attribution error.
b. social facilitation.
c. group polarization.
d. deindividuation.
e. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
____ 45. By providing prospective terrorists with electronic “chat rooms” for interfacing online with others
who share their attitudes, the Internet most likely serves as a medium for
a. social facilitation.
b. the bystander effect.
c. group polarization.
d. cognitive dissonance.
e. GRIT.
____ 46. The ill-fated decision of President John F. Kennedy and his advisors to invade Cuba best illustrates
the dangers of
a. deindividuation.
b. the bystander effect.
c. social facilitation.
d. the mere exposure effect.
e. groupthink.
____ 47. Groupthink can be prevented by a leader who
a. is directive and makes his or her own position clear from the start.
b. invites outside experts to critique a group's developing plans.
c. tries to maintain high morale among group members.
d. emphasizes the importance of the issue under discussion.
e. makes sure that all conflicts are resolved through consensus.
____ 48. Cultural diversity best illustrates our
a. superordinate goals.
b. gene complexes.
c. attributions.
d. adaptive capacities.
e. group polarization.
____ 49. The preservation of innovation best illustrates the survival value of
a. culture.
b. altruism.
c. individualism.
d. personal space.
e. the chameleon effect.
____ 50. Those who study cultural influences on behavior are most likely to highlight the importance of
a. natural selection.
b. temperament.
c. the mere exposure effect.
d. norms.
e. collectivism.
____ 51. Since 1960, Americans have experienced a(n)
a. increase in the incidence of depression and a decrease in marriage rates.
b. decrease in the incidence of anxiety disorders and an increase in work hours.
c. increase in the incidence of depression and an increase in work hours.
d. decrease in the incidence of depression and a decrease in work hours.
e. increase in the incidence of anxiety disorders and a decrease in marriage rates.
____ 52. Overgeneralized beliefs about a group of people that often underlie prejudicial emotions are called
a. superordinate goals.
b. situational attributions.
c. stereotypes.
d. social norms.
e. social traps.
____ 53. Prejudice is best defined as
a. an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members.
b. a fearful suspicion of people one has never met.
c. the tendency to favor members of one's own group.
d. a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals.
e. the belief that victims of misfortune deserve their fate.
____ 54. Arturo believes that most young women from California are extremely good looking and that
extremely good-looking women are usually selfish and egotistical. His beliefs are examples of
a. stereotypes.
b. mirror-image perceptions.
c. sexual discrimination.
d. ingroup bias.
e. deindividuation.
____ 55. Which of the following describes a stereotype?
a. Vladimir is especially attracted to Latin-American women.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Peter feels very uncomfortable interacting with Blacks.
Robin is convinced that university professors are usually impractical and forgetful.
Cyril never hires people over age 50 to work in his restaurant.
Patrick argues that raising the minimum wage leads to increased illegal
immigration.
____ 56. A store owner charges Black customers more than Hispanic customers for the very same
merchandise. The owner is most clearly engaging in
a. deindividuation.
b. stereotyping.
c. group polarization.
d. discrimination.
e. ingroup bias.
____ 57. Refusing to hire qualified job applicants because of the color of their skin is to engage in
a. stereotyping.
b. deindividuation.
c. discrimination.
d. the fundamental attribution error.
e. confirmation bias.
____ 58. In several U.S. states where Black motorists are a minority of the drivers and speeders on interstate
highways, they have been the majority of those stopped and searched by police. This best illustrates
a. the mere exposure effect.
b. the reciprocity norm.
c. overt prejudice.
d. the bystander effect.
e. overt deindividuation.
____ 59. Cross-cultural research on gender relations indicates that
a. the majority of the world's children without basic schooling are boys.
b. in most countries men and women share equally in the duties of child-rearing.
c. people perceive their fathers as more intelligent than their mothers despite gender
equality in intelligence scores.
d. there is little evidence that females are more likely to be aborted than males.
e. women are more likely than man to engage in multi-tasking behaviors and are
more capable of performing these kinds of tasks.
____ 60. Ingroup bias best illustrates the impact of our ________ on prejudice.
a. superordinate goals
b. social identities
c. deindividuation
d. reciprocity norms
e. social traps
____ 61. Placing people into groups based on the arbitrary outcome of a coin toss leads people to show
favoritism to their own group when dividing any rewards. This best illustrates
a. the mere exposure effect.
b.
c.
d.
e.
the fundamental attribution error.
deindividuation.
ingroup bias.
reciprocity norm.
____ 62. During a Girl Scout picnic, Lavinia was randomly selected to be on one baseball team and Carla on
the opposing team. Before the game started, Lavinia and Carla were each convinced that their own
team was the better one. The girls' beliefs best illustrate
a. the fundamental attribution error.
b. deindividuation.
c. the reciprocity norm.
d. the mere exposure effect.
e. ingroup bias.
____ 63. Disparaging or belittling a despised outgroup provides people with a heightened sense of their own
a. fundamental attribution errors.
b. deindividuation.
c. superordinate goals.
d. self-worth.
e. social loafing.
____ 64. An eagerness to believe that victims of a natural disaster are being punished by God for their sins
best illustrates a potential consequence of
a. deindividuation.
b. ingroup bias.
c. the bystander effect.
d. the just-world phenomenon.
e. the mere exposure effect.
____ 65. According to the text, aggression always involves
a. physical damage.
b. anger and hostility.
c. the intent to hurt.
d. a reaction to frustration.
e. nonverbal behavior.
____ 66. Verbal behavior intended to hurt another person is an example of
a. a dispositional attribution.
b. prejudice.
c. deindividuation.
d. aggression.
e. the mere exposure effect.
____ 67. A soldier who intentionally kills a dangerous enemy combatant most clearly illustrates
a. diffusion of responsibility.
b. the just-world phenomenon.
c. group polarization.
d. aggression.
e. groupthink.
____ 68. Research on the biology of aggression has clearly demonstrated that
a. human aggression is an unlearned instinct.
b. there is no physiological basis for aggression in humans.
c. animals can be bred for aggressiveness.
d. neural influences contribute to aggressive behavior by males but not by females.
e. individualistic cultures generally have higher rates of aggression.
____ 69. Studies have revealed diminished activity in the ________ of violent criminals.
a. amygdala
b. hypothalamus
c. frontal lobes
d. sensory cortex
e. medulla
____ 70. Handling and describing a gun has been found to increase ________ in research participants' saliva.
a. serotonin
b. testosterone
c. endorphins
d. insulin
e. dopamine
____ 71. A gap between modest goal attainments and very high goal expectations is most likely to trigger
a. group polarization.
b. deindividuation.
c. frustration.
d. equity.
e. social loafing.
____ 72. After Ravi lost the student election for president of his high school class, he spread false rumors
intended to spoil the newly chosen president's reputation. Ravi's behavior is best explained in terms
of the
a. ingroup bias.
b. foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
c. mere exposure effect.
d. frustration-aggression principle.
e. fundamental attribution error.
____ 73. Youths who are shunned and mocked by peers are especially likely to respond with aggression if
they have earlier experienced
a. the mere exposure effect.
b. companionate love.
c. the chameleon effect.
d. social rejection.
e. ingroup bias.
____ 74. Minimal levels of father care are associated with high levels of
a. conformity.
b.
c.
d.
e.
group polarization.
social facilitation.
aggression.
discrimination.
____ 75. Compared with their nonplaying counterparts, kids who play a lot of violent video games have been
found to
a. experience fewer angry feelings.
b. see the real world as less dangerous.
c. get into more arguments and fights.
d. earn better grades in school.
e. experience less fear in stressful situations.
____ 76. On average, Internet-formed friendships and romantic relationships are ________ likely than
relationships formed in person to last beyond two years. When conversing online with someone for
20 minutes, participants in one study felt ________ attraction toward that person than they did for
someone they talked with face to face.
a. more; equal
b. less; more
c. more; more
d. less; equal
e. more; less
____ 77. The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that people
a. perform well-learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others.
b. become more extreme in their opinions following group discussion.
c. more readily comply with a large request if they previously complied with a small
request.
d. experience increasing attraction to novel stimuli that become more familiar.
e. often fail to notice the influence they exert on others.
____ 78. Four equally attractive women silently attended a 200-student class for zero, 5, 10, or 15 class
sessions. When shown slides of each woman, students in the class rated the women who had
attended ________ class sessions as the most attractive.
a. zero
b. 2
c. 5
d. 15
e. 25
____ 79. Participants in a voter preference study favored the presidential candidate whose face blended some
of their own facial features with those of the candidate. This best illustrates the impact of
a. the mere exposure effect.
b. deindividuation.
c. the chameleon effect.
d. social facilitation.
e. self-disclosure.
____ 80. An observer is likely to express greater liking for a same-sex stranger if that person's image has
some distinctive features of the observer's own face. This best illustrates the impact of
a. the mere exposure effect.
b. deindividuation.
c. the chameleon effect.
d. the fundamental attribution error.
e. self-disclosure.
____ 81. Our first impressions of people we meet are most likely to be determined by their
a. attitudes.
b. intelligence.
c. physical appearance.
d. superordinate goals.
e. emotional intelligence.
____ 82. What determined whether college freshmen who had been randomly paired for a Welcome Week
dance liked each other?
a. similarity in attitudes
b. similarity in intelligence
c. physical attractiveness
d. self-disclosure skills
e. similar socio-economic status.
____ 83. Makato, a 15-year-old high school sophomore, is physically unattractive. Compared with good-
looking students, Makato is more likely to
a. be physically coordinated and athletic.
b. have difficulty making a favorable impression on potential employers.
c. become a loving and dependent brother.
d. earn low grades in his courses.
e. be well liked by other male students.
____ 84. Olivia, a 17-year-old high school student, is quiet, relaxed, reflective, and politically liberal.
Research suggests that she would most likely become a good friend of
a. Cody, who is relaxed and talkative.
b. Thor, who is politically liberal and assertive.
c. Philip, who is reflective and quiet.
d. Pancho, who is talkative and assertive.
e. Calvin, who is mischievous and imaginative.
____ 85. Liking those who share and validate our attitudes is best explained in terms of
a. social facilitation.
b. a reward theory.
c. deindividuation.
d. the mere exposure effect.
e. the social responsibility norm.
____ 86. Sharing household chores ranks high on a list of things people associate with successful marriages.
This best illustrates the perceived value of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
equity.
proximity.
passionate love.
self-disclosure.
reciprocity norm.
____ 87. Orville thinks his girlfriend derives more benefits from their relationship than he does, even though
he contributes more to the relationship. Orville most clearly believes that their relationship lacks
a. self-disclosure.
b. romantic love.
c. equity.
d. superordinate goals.
e. passionate love.
____ 88. The best explanation for the inaction of bystanders during the Kitty Genovese murder is that they
failed to
a. experience any empathy for a stranger.
b. assume personal responsibility for helping the victim.
c. realize that the incident was really an emergency situation.
d. notice that the incident was taking place.
e. act on their empathetic feelings.
____ 89. Which of the following people would be most likely to help Gita study for her history exam?
a. Gita's older brother, who probably has nothing better to do that evening
b. Gita's mother, who is excited about the unexpected bonus she just received from
her employer
c. Gita's father, who always points out how differently men and women think and act
d. Gita's younger sister, whose boyfriend just canceled their date for the next evening
e. Gita's co-worker, who stayed late after work to chat with Gita.
____ 90. According to social exchange theory, altruistic behavior is guided by
a. calculations of costs and benefits.
b. feelings of social responsibility.
c. reciprocity norms.
d. family ties.
e. self-esteem.
____ 91. Which theory suggests that altruistic behavior is governed by calculations of rewards and costs?
a. attribution theory
b. social exchange theory
c. cognitive dissonance theory
d. the two-factor theory of emotion
e. the reciprocity norm
____ 92. Two social norms that influence altruistic behavior are
a. reciprocity and social responsibility.
b. social-responsibility and social exchange.
c. reciprocity and social facilitation.
d. social facilitation and social exchange.
e. similarity and proximity.
____ 93. After she received a free hand-painted Christmas ornament from a religious organization, Mrs.
Montevecchi felt obligated to mail a cash donation to the organization. Her response to the free gift
best illustrates the impact of the
a. foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
b. mere exposure effect.
c. just-world phenomenon.
d. fundamental attribution error.
e. reciprocity norm.
____ 94. To help people avoid social traps, psychologists should promote an increased awareness of
a. social facilitation.
b. the mere exposure effect.
c. normative social influence.
d. the social-responsibility norm.
e. deindividuation.
____ 95. Despite government warnings of a severe shortage of heating fuels, most citizens continue to turn up
their home thermostats in the belief that their personal fuel consumption will have little effect on the
country's total fuel reserves. This reaction best illustrates the dynamics of
a. the bystander effect.
b. the fundamental attribution error.
c. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
d. the just-world phenomenon.
e. a social trap.
____ 96. Two conflicting groups who share the same negative views of one another demonstrate
a. the reciprocity norm.
b. deindividuation.
c. superordinate goals.
d. GRIT.
e. mirror-image perceptions.
____ 97. University College London volunteers used a mechanical device to press on another volunteer's
finger, after feeling pressure on their own finger. They typically responded to the pressure on their
finger with
a. less pressure than they had just experienced.
b. more pressure than they had just experienced.
c. the same amount of pressure they had just experienced.
d. Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction.
e. hostility resulting from the frustration-aggression principle.
____ 98. The concept of a superordinate goal is best illustrated by
a. the plan of a university freshman to enter medical school and eventually become a
physician.
b. the intent of management and labor to produce a fuel-efficient automobile that will
outsell any car on the market.
c. the desire of a social worker to do volunteer work in the inner city in order to
improve race relations.
d. a university president's plan to give students two extra days of spring vacation.
e. the motivation of a student to achieve the highest test average in the class.
____ 99. Muzafer Sherif's study of conflict in a Boy Scout camp indicated that conflict between two groups of
boys could be reduced most effectively by
a. bringing the members of both groups into close contact.
b. having one group make conciliatory gestures to the other group.
c. allowing leaders of the two groups to communicate.
d. exposing the groups to tasks that required their joint cooperation.
e. encouraging a friendly competition between the groups.
____ 100. In one experiment, White Americans read a newspaper article about a foreign terrorist threat against
all Americans. They subsequently expressed
a. an increased sense of deindividuation.
b. reduced confidence in their personal religious beliefs.
c. lowered approval of the president's job performance.
d. reduced prejudice against African-Americans.
e. increased self-esteem and aggressive impulses.
2017 Unit 14 Practice Test B
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
B
D
B
E
D
D
C
A
D
D
C
C
D
D
D
A
C
A
D
D
B
D
E
C
C
B
C
C
D
C
D
C
B
D
E
B
C
B
D
D
D
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
Easy
Medium
Medium
Medium
Easy
Difficult
Easy
Medium
Difficult
Medium
Easy
Difficult
Easy
Difficult
Easy
Easy
Easy
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Easy
Easy
Difficult
Easy
Easy
Easy
Easy
Difficult
Difficult
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Easy
Difficult
Difficult
Medium
Easy
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Page 643 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 644 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 644 | Section- Social Psychology
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Page 644 | Section- Social Psychology
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Page 644 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 645 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 645 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 646 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 646 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 647 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 647 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 647 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 648 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 648 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 648 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 648 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 649 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 651 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 651 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 652 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 652 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 652 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 653 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 653 | Section- Social Psychology
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Page 655 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 656 | Section- Social Psychology
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42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
ANS:
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ANS:
ANS:
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ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
B
D
C
C
E
B
D
A
D
C
C
A
A
C
D
C
C
C
B
D
E
D
D
C
D
D
C
C
B
C
D
D
D
C
C
D
D
A
A
C
C
B
C
B
A
C
B
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
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DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
Easy
Easy
Medium
Medium
Medium
Difficult
Medium
Medium
Easy
Medium
Easy
Easy
Medium
Medium
Medium
Easy
Easy
Medium
Medium
Easy
Medium
Difficult
Difficult
Medium
Easy
Easy
Easy
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Easy
Easy
Medium
Easy
Easy
Medium
Medium
Easy
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Easy
Medium
Difficult
REF:
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Page 659 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 659 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 659 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 660 | Section- Social Psychology
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Page 661 | Section- Social Psychology
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Page 661 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 662 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 663 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 664 | Section- Social Psychology
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Page 668 | Section- Social Psychology
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Page 669 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 670 | Section- Social Psychology
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Page 671 | Section- Social Psychology
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Page 679 | Section- Social Psychology
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Page 680 | Section- Social Psychology
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Page 682 | Section- Social Psychology
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89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
B
A
B
A
E
D
E
E
B
B
D
D
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
Medium
Medium
Easy
Medium
Medium
Medium
Difficult
Easy
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
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Page 685 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 687 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 687 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 687 | Section- Social Psychology
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Page 688 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 689 | Section- Social Psychology
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Page 691 | Section- Social Psychology