Lecture 12
... The third interpretive school of thought influencing the symbolic interactionist perspective is ethnomethodology. It extends the phenomenological perspective to the study of everyday social interaction. It is primarily concerned with the methods which people use to accomplish a reasonable account o ...
... The third interpretive school of thought influencing the symbolic interactionist perspective is ethnomethodology. It extends the phenomenological perspective to the study of everyday social interaction. It is primarily concerned with the methods which people use to accomplish a reasonable account o ...
An Ecological Approach to Semiotics
... has been termed “infinite semiosis” (Eco, 1979), but such an approach cannot easily explain why a sign results in particular courses of action in a particular case, whereas an ecological approach can: rather than asking why “freedom” is used and interpreted in so many different ways, one should ask ...
... has been termed “infinite semiosis” (Eco, 1979), but such an approach cannot easily explain why a sign results in particular courses of action in a particular case, whereas an ecological approach can: rather than asking why “freedom” is used and interpreted in so many different ways, one should ask ...
Kin and social network structure in two populations of
... the dominant’s inclusive fitness above what it would be if they were to disperse (Emlen, 1995). More specific aspects of the theory, such as decreasing ecological constraints leading to increasing shared reproduction, have been supported in multiple species (Curry, 1988; Emlen and Wrege, 1991). Rega ...
... the dominant’s inclusive fitness above what it would be if they were to disperse (Emlen, 1995). More specific aspects of the theory, such as decreasing ecological constraints leading to increasing shared reproduction, have been supported in multiple species (Curry, 1988; Emlen and Wrege, 1991). Rega ...
Understanding Others
... The positive identity that comes from the ingroup identification (social identity) derives mainly from comparisons between the ingroup and available or relevant outgroups. There will be a preference for favorable comparisons between the ingroup and the outgroup. People look for ways or outgroups tha ...
... The positive identity that comes from the ingroup identification (social identity) derives mainly from comparisons between the ingroup and available or relevant outgroups. There will be a preference for favorable comparisons between the ingroup and the outgroup. People look for ways or outgroups tha ...
ETHNOCENTRISM, SOCIAL CONTRACT LIBERALISM AND
... representationalist problematic, whereby beliefs are classed as knowledge because they represent reality in a non-perspectival way. Therefore knowledge is based upon certainty, because the manifest truth is recognised as such. Once we reject this concern with beliefs representing reality, we can, as ...
... representationalist problematic, whereby beliefs are classed as knowledge because they represent reality in a non-perspectival way. Therefore knowledge is based upon certainty, because the manifest truth is recognised as such. Once we reject this concern with beliefs representing reality, we can, as ...
![Infiltrating an e-Tribe: Marketing within the Machinima [Computerised Games] Community Tracy Harwood*](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008556020_1-903c66786b1cd6eebecb247e85ea6474-300x300.png)
Infiltrating an e-Tribe: Marketing within the Machinima [Computerised Games] Community Tracy Harwood*
... 1999). Where this results in an intense ‘community of emotion or passion’ (Cova and Cova, 2002:598), tribal analogies have been drawn. Cova and Cova (2002) define a tribe as “a network of heterogeneous persons linked by a shared passion or emotion” (p. 602). It may perhaps be pertinent at this point ...
... 1999). Where this results in an intense ‘community of emotion or passion’ (Cova and Cova, 2002:598), tribal analogies have been drawn. Cova and Cova (2002) define a tribe as “a network of heterogeneous persons linked by a shared passion or emotion” (p. 602). It may perhaps be pertinent at this point ...
Status, power, and intergroup relations
... Power and status are not static features of social hierarchies, as evidenced by a growing body of research that has identified some of the catalysts involved in social change. Social change does not require merely decreasing unpleasant or awkward intergroup interactions. For example, asymmetries in ...
... Power and status are not static features of social hierarchies, as evidenced by a growing body of research that has identified some of the catalysts involved in social change. Social change does not require merely decreasing unpleasant or awkward intergroup interactions. For example, asymmetries in ...
Chapter One - Webcourses
... Motivation to Avoid Prejudice Motivation to avoid prejudice can lead people to modify their thoughts an actions ...
... Motivation to Avoid Prejudice Motivation to avoid prejudice can lead people to modify their thoughts an actions ...
Higgins - Achieving Shared Reality in the Communication Game
...              In a classic communication study, Zajonc (1960) found that subjects assigned the role of "transmitter" of information represent the information in a more unified and organized way than subjects assigned the role of "recipient" even prior to the communication taking place. ...
...              In a classic communication study, Zajonc (1960) found that subjects assigned the role of "transmitter" of information represent the information in a more unified and organized way than subjects assigned the role of "recipient" even prior to the communication taking place. ...
NOT THE FINAL VERSION
... Implicit and explicit attitudes toward the same concept can be quite different. For example, more people show implicit negativity toward Blacks compared to Whites than are willing to report or endorse such feelings explicitly. Despite their distinctiveness, both the implicit and explicit reactions m ...
... Implicit and explicit attitudes toward the same concept can be quite different. For example, more people show implicit negativity toward Blacks compared to Whites than are willing to report or endorse such feelings explicitly. Despite their distinctiveness, both the implicit and explicit reactions m ...
Leon Festinger
... housing questions. Second, it appeared that those students who had deviant attitudes on the housing questions tended to be social isolates, that is, they were rarely named in answer to the sociometric questions. These facts of the housing study were purely correlational. One could speculate endlessl ...
... housing questions. Second, it appeared that those students who had deviant attitudes on the housing questions tended to be social isolates, that is, they were rarely named in answer to the sociometric questions. These facts of the housing study were purely correlational. One could speculate endlessl ...
Psych 160 Social Psychology
... MARK THESE IN YOUR CALENDARS NOW. All exams are non-cumulative. Each covers the material presented in the lectures, readings, AND sections within the specified dates. Make-up exams require advance notice and a legitimate and documented excuse (e.g., a legible doctor’s note for illness). Finally, the ...
... MARK THESE IN YOUR CALENDARS NOW. All exams are non-cumulative. Each covers the material presented in the lectures, readings, AND sections within the specified dates. Make-up exams require advance notice and a legitimate and documented excuse (e.g., a legible doctor’s note for illness). Finally, the ...
self-confidence and personal motivation
... more than their failures, and have self-servingly biased recollections and interpretations of their past performances.5 Similarly, they tend to overestimate their abilities and other desirable traits, as well as the extent to which they have control over outcomes. They also rate their own probabilit ...
... more than their failures, and have self-servingly biased recollections and interpretations of their past performances.5 Similarly, they tend to overestimate their abilities and other desirable traits, as well as the extent to which they have control over outcomes. They also rate their own probabilit ...
Reflected Appraisal through a 21st-Century Looking Glass
... people can justify interjecting self-views into judgments of others' views because they assume that others share their views. The false consensus effect describes the tendency for people to overestimate the overlap between their views and those of others (Marks & Miller, 1987; Ross, Greene, & House, ...
... people can justify interjecting self-views into judgments of others' views because they assume that others share their views. The false consensus effect describes the tendency for people to overestimate the overlap between their views and those of others (Marks & Miller, 1987; Ross, Greene, & House, ...
From the Theory of Mind to the Construction of Social... Guido Boella () Leendert van der Torre ()
... is predicted to do. Expectations, instead, have a public character: they are known by the other agents who are associated with a desired representation of their behavior in terms of beliefs and goals. Moreover, they are also expected to act in the desired way due to their knowledge of what they are ...
... is predicted to do. Expectations, instead, have a public character: they are known by the other agents who are associated with a desired representation of their behavior in terms of beliefs and goals. Moreover, they are also expected to act in the desired way due to their knowledge of what they are ...
Social Behavior - Plain Local Schools
... Informational social influence –our willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality, especially under conditions of uncertainty “Well, that is what she said” ...
... Informational social influence –our willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality, especially under conditions of uncertainty “Well, that is what she said” ...
The Nature and Dynamics of Social Norms
... norm Bicchieri’s model coincides with the pre-normative utility function. This fact should decrease the amount offered approximating the selfish solution. We may wonder if this is the only available interpretation. In fact another way to make sense of these empirical findings would be to keep the no ...
... norm Bicchieri’s model coincides with the pre-normative utility function. This fact should decrease the amount offered approximating the selfish solution. We may wonder if this is the only available interpretation. In fact another way to make sense of these empirical findings would be to keep the no ...
Mechanisms of Identity Conflict - 2.rotman.utoronto.ca
... social groups with which we identify thus provide important constraints on the range of behaviors that may be expressed in any given situation. As a group-based identity becomes more important and more salient, individuals are more likely to conform to its behavioral norms. A separate class of behav ...
... social groups with which we identify thus provide important constraints on the range of behaviors that may be expressed in any given situation. As a group-based identity becomes more important and more salient, individuals are more likely to conform to its behavioral norms. A separate class of behav ...
(Dis)respecting versus (Dis)liking
... shift, according to Eagly, gender stereotypes will too. The role analyses focus on characterizing behaviors that result from roles, hence their social kernel of truth. The current effort focuses on the social structural level of analysis, not on individual role relationships. Rather than focusing on ...
... shift, according to Eagly, gender stereotypes will too. The role analyses focus on characterizing behaviors that result from roles, hence their social kernel of truth. The current effort focuses on the social structural level of analysis, not on individual role relationships. Rather than focusing on ...
Chapter One
... • Motivation to Avoid Prejudice – Motivation to avoid prejudice can lead people to modify their thoughts an actions • Self-conscious people will feel guilt and try to inhibit their prejudicial response ...
... • Motivation to Avoid Prejudice – Motivation to avoid prejudice can lead people to modify their thoughts an actions • Self-conscious people will feel guilt and try to inhibit their prejudicial response ...
Locked Closets and Fishbowls: Self-disclosing Disabilities Fiona
... visible. When self-disclosure is categorized into areas of personal responsibility;, contextual factors such as social responses to disability and their influence on one’s decision around disclosing are rendered invisible and untouchable to critique, thus allowing these socio-political factors to co ...
... visible. When self-disclosure is categorized into areas of personal responsibility;, contextual factors such as social responses to disability and their influence on one’s decision around disclosing are rendered invisible and untouchable to critique, thus allowing these socio-political factors to co ...
Guardians of Safety: Why good social work pays
... to the most vulnerable members of society. The Act addresses quality by requiring social workers to be suitably trained and registered and also defines what it calls ‘relevant’ social work, which is statutory social work required in connection with any health, education or social services provided t ...
... to the most vulnerable members of society. The Act addresses quality by requiring social workers to be suitably trained and registered and also defines what it calls ‘relevant’ social work, which is statutory social work required in connection with any health, education or social services provided t ...
Norms
... Normative Theories of Social Processes Norms are a fundamental element of social structure; they are the "cement of society" (Elster, 1989, p. 251). They simplify behavioral choices, provide direction and motivation, organize social interactions, and make other people's responses predictable and mea ...
... Normative Theories of Social Processes Norms are a fundamental element of social structure; they are the "cement of society" (Elster, 1989, p. 251). They simplify behavioral choices, provide direction and motivation, organize social interactions, and make other people's responses predictable and mea ...
12._Social_Psychology_Objectives
... 28. Define pro-social behavior and altruism. 29. Define diffusion of responsibility and describe the characteristics of situations in which people would or would not be likely to display helping behavior. 30. Define social trap/social dilemma. 31. Describe cooperation and competition. Describe the r ...
... 28. Define pro-social behavior and altruism. 29. Define diffusion of responsibility and describe the characteristics of situations in which people would or would not be likely to display helping behavior. 30. Define social trap/social dilemma. 31. Describe cooperation and competition. Describe the r ...
Social Pyschology: How Others Affect Us
... examining many unhealthy forms of social influence, such as how unquestioning acceptance of authority figures can lead us to do foolish things, we might be tempted to conclude that almost all social influence is negative. That would be a serious mistake. Virtually all of the social influence process ...
... examining many unhealthy forms of social influence, such as how unquestioning acceptance of authority figures can lead us to do foolish things, we might be tempted to conclude that almost all social influence is negative. That would be a serious mistake. Virtually all of the social influence process ...
Self-categorization theory
Self-categorization theory is a social psychological theory that describes the circumstances under which a person will perceive collections of people (including themselves) as a group, as well as the consequences of perceiving people in group terms. Although the theory is often introduced as an explanation of psychological group formation (which was one of its early goals), it is more accurately thought of as general analysis of the functioning of categorization processes in social perception and interaction that speaks to issues of individual identity as much as group phenomena.The theory was developed by John Turner and colleagues, and along with social identity theory it is a constituent part of the social identity approach. It was in part developed to address questions that arose in response to social identity theory about the mechanistic underpinnings of social identification. For example, what makes people define themselves in terms of one group membership rather than another? Self-categorization theory has been influential in the academic field of social psychology and beyond. It was first applied to the topics of social influence, group cohesion, group polarization, and collective action. In subsequent years the theory, often as part of the social identity approach, has been applied to further topics such as leadership, personality, outgroup homogeneity, and power. One tenet of the theory is that the self should not be considered as a foundational aspect of cognition, but rather the self should be seen as a product of the cognitive system at work. Or in other words, the self is an outcome of cognitive processes rather than a ""thing"" at the heart of cognition.