Running head: MECHANISMS OF LINGUISTIC BIAS Mechanisms of
... The area of language use in relation to social stereotypes deals specifically with language used when describing people and their behavior. Stereotypic beliefs about the targets of these descriptions surface in subtle linguistic biases. A linguistic bias can be defined as a systematic asymmetry in w ...
... The area of language use in relation to social stereotypes deals specifically with language used when describing people and their behavior. Stereotypic beliefs about the targets of these descriptions surface in subtle linguistic biases. A linguistic bias can be defined as a systematic asymmetry in w ...
The social construction of internal and external identities of
... Constructionism. Constructivism is a theory of learning based on the works of Jean Piaget. It refers to how knowledge is constructed within an individual’s mind from the individual’s experiences (Piaget, 1953, 1955). Constructivism in International Relations is a school of thought whereby researche ...
... Constructionism. Constructivism is a theory of learning based on the works of Jean Piaget. It refers to how knowledge is constructed within an individual’s mind from the individual’s experiences (Piaget, 1953, 1955). Constructivism in International Relations is a school of thought whereby researche ...
Assimilative and Contrastive Emotional Reactions to Upward and
... affective responses to social comparisons. Thus, within the descriptive structure created by considering the direction of the comparison and its desirability for the self, I also include the desirability of the comparison for the other person. In general, an upward comparison will mean desirable imp ...
... affective responses to social comparisons. Thus, within the descriptive structure created by considering the direction of the comparison and its desirability for the self, I also include the desirability of the comparison for the other person. In general, an upward comparison will mean desirable imp ...
Constructing Credible Images
... 1939/1960). In other instances, they appear as forewords, afterwards, and in interviews that documentary image makers give about their work (Light, 2000; Loengard, 1998; Lyons, 1966; Morris, 1999). In the aggregate, these narrative accounts by documentary image makers affirm a world in which persons ...
... 1939/1960). In other instances, they appear as forewords, afterwards, and in interviews that documentary image makers give about their work (Light, 2000; Loengard, 1998; Lyons, 1966; Morris, 1999). In the aggregate, these narrative accounts by documentary image makers affirm a world in which persons ...
Chapter 14
... individual treats differently Social distance – The perceived difference or similarity between oneself and another person – in-group is closer; out-group is placed further away. Ethnocentrism – The belief that one’s culture is superior to others – they are so used to their own culture that it become ...
... individual treats differently Social distance – The perceived difference or similarity between oneself and another person – in-group is closer; out-group is placed further away. Ethnocentrism – The belief that one’s culture is superior to others – they are so used to their own culture that it become ...
Social Cognition - Harvard FAS
... Nietzcheian manner with “good” groups at the top and “evil” reference groups at the bottom— each of which needs the other to exist. More powerful social roles are increasingly likely to be occupied by a “good” group member (e.g., white male). Evidence shows that males are more dominant than females ...
... Nietzcheian manner with “good” groups at the top and “evil” reference groups at the bottom— each of which needs the other to exist. More powerful social roles are increasingly likely to be occupied by a “good” group member (e.g., white male). Evidence shows that males are more dominant than females ...
The Social Construction of Knowledge
... Understanding the Social Construction of Reality In the previous chapter, I noted that the elements of society are human creations that provide structure to our everyday lives. They also give us a distinctive lens through which we perceive the world. For example, because of their different statuses ...
... Understanding the Social Construction of Reality In the previous chapter, I noted that the elements of society are human creations that provide structure to our everyday lives. They also give us a distinctive lens through which we perceive the world. For example, because of their different statuses ...
The Communicative Dimension of Migrant Remittances and its Political Implications
... Originally, Peggy Levitt coined the term “social” remittances to raise attention towards the array of transfers that were taking place in the transnational realm at a time when the scholarship was almost exclusively focusing on remittances in their economic sense (Levitt 1999). However, nowadays, m ...
... Originally, Peggy Levitt coined the term “social” remittances to raise attention towards the array of transfers that were taking place in the transnational realm at a time when the scholarship was almost exclusively focusing on remittances in their economic sense (Levitt 1999). However, nowadays, m ...
Deviance PowerPoint Presentation
... oppose those of the dominant culture. From the gang, these new members learn that stealing, carrying a gun, and using drugs are acceptable behaviors, whereas they were not before. In the meantime, the norms they learned at home are no longer acceptable within the gang environment, and they must reje ...
... oppose those of the dominant culture. From the gang, these new members learn that stealing, carrying a gun, and using drugs are acceptable behaviors, whereas they were not before. In the meantime, the norms they learned at home are no longer acceptable within the gang environment, and they must reje ...
In search of social capital
... obligations and reciprocity. Informally enforced norms reduce transaction costs entailed by formal coordination mechanisms. Fukuyama argues that social capital is not a subset of human capital because it is a property of groups rather than individuals – “The norms underlying social capital … must be ...
... obligations and reciprocity. Informally enforced norms reduce transaction costs entailed by formal coordination mechanisms. Fukuyama argues that social capital is not a subset of human capital because it is a property of groups rather than individuals – “The norms underlying social capital … must be ...
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
... (i.e. behavior) with the intent to cause the behavior to occur again. This is done by associating positive meaning to the behavior. Studies show that if the person receives the reward immediately, the effect is greater, and decreases as duration lengthens. Repetitive action-reward combination can ca ...
... (i.e. behavior) with the intent to cause the behavior to occur again. This is done by associating positive meaning to the behavior. Studies show that if the person receives the reward immediately, the effect is greater, and decreases as duration lengthens. Repetitive action-reward combination can ca ...
review - Shodhganga
... hedonic evaluation guided by emotions and feelings such as the frequency with which people experience pleasant /unpleasant moods in reaction to their lives. The assumption behind this is that most of the people internally evaluate their life as either good or bad enabling them to communicate their j ...
... hedonic evaluation guided by emotions and feelings such as the frequency with which people experience pleasant /unpleasant moods in reaction to their lives. The assumption behind this is that most of the people internally evaluate their life as either good or bad enabling them to communicate their j ...
Is face the best metaphor?/¿Es imagen social la mejor
... as an aggregation or summation of the attributes of individuals, in the sense that the average height of a group is an aggregation of the heights of each of the individuals in the group (Arundale, in press a). Grice’s (1957) influential explanation of non-natural meaning as the hearer’s recognition ...
... as an aggregation or summation of the attributes of individuals, in the sense that the average height of a group is an aggregation of the heights of each of the individuals in the group (Arundale, in press a). Grice’s (1957) influential explanation of non-natural meaning as the hearer’s recognition ...
Social Cognitive Neuroscience: A Review of Core Processes
... research examines the ability to propositionally reason from one’s theory of how minds operate and how social situations affect mental states in general, in order to represent the mental state of a particular individual given a particular situation. Thus, our knowledge of social rules and norms medi ...
... research examines the ability to propositionally reason from one’s theory of how minds operate and how social situations affect mental states in general, in order to represent the mental state of a particular individual given a particular situation. Thus, our knowledge of social rules and norms medi ...
An Atlas of Interpersonal Situations - Assets
... causal step, namely, with description of the situation’s objective elements (see chapter 2). In this regard, we concur with Gottman and Notarius (2000) who, in a slightly different context, observed that to understand a spouse’s interpretation of an interaction, one must first know what actually too ...
... causal step, namely, with description of the situation’s objective elements (see chapter 2). In this regard, we concur with Gottman and Notarius (2000) who, in a slightly different context, observed that to understand a spouse’s interpretation of an interaction, one must first know what actually too ...
The Role of Virtual Communities as Shopping Reference Groups
... their interactions are accessible to outsiders (“lurkers”) who for various reasons do not contribute to discussions, but nevertheless may be strongly influenced by the community. The text-based computer-mediated nature of virtual communities makes them more unique, and not identifiable in terms of t ...
... their interactions are accessible to outsiders (“lurkers”) who for various reasons do not contribute to discussions, but nevertheless may be strongly influenced by the community. The text-based computer-mediated nature of virtual communities makes them more unique, and not identifiable in terms of t ...
ACR 2010 Special Session Proposal
... more likely to choose objectively inferior products and outcomes when they are paired with higher relative standing than satisficers. Long Abstract. According to the theory of bounded rationality, cognitive and situational limitations can prevent individuals from optimizing or “maximizing” the outco ...
... more likely to choose objectively inferior products and outcomes when they are paired with higher relative standing than satisficers. Long Abstract. According to the theory of bounded rationality, cognitive and situational limitations can prevent individuals from optimizing or “maximizing” the outco ...
Family Wellbeing – Confusions and Challenges
... Family wellbeing is one of those notions that we as researchers, policy makers, practitioners, and professionals tend to talk about as if we know what it is. We believe it is a Good Thing, and we are all dedicated to its furtherance, directly or indirectly, yet when asked to talk in specific terms t ...
... Family wellbeing is one of those notions that we as researchers, policy makers, practitioners, and professionals tend to talk about as if we know what it is. We believe it is a Good Thing, and we are all dedicated to its furtherance, directly or indirectly, yet when asked to talk in specific terms t ...
Contemporary Social Sciences in the West: A Critical Perspective
... What Is the Future of Social Capital? Social Capital depends on the actions and thinking of both leaders and members of the public Japan has long been regarded as ‘rich in Social Capital’ although the concept has been poorly understood Other countries have often been well-endowed with Social Capita ...
... What Is the Future of Social Capital? Social Capital depends on the actions and thinking of both leaders and members of the public Japan has long been regarded as ‘rich in Social Capital’ although the concept has been poorly understood Other countries have often been well-endowed with Social Capita ...
Read Article - Thomas Homer
... In turn, psychologists have presented a diverse set of explanations for ideological attachment at the individual level of analysis. One influential argument suggests that conservatism should be understood as a form of motivated social cognition (Jost, Glaser, Kruglanski, & Sulloway, 2003). On this v ...
... In turn, psychologists have presented a diverse set of explanations for ideological attachment at the individual level of analysis. One influential argument suggests that conservatism should be understood as a form of motivated social cognition (Jost, Glaser, Kruglanski, & Sulloway, 2003). On this v ...
Attitudes and the Spiritual Life-009 06-03-07
... Social, and Intimate (also known as Sexual or One-to-One). • They reflect the three basic desires in our human nature; the desire to protect the self, the desire to interact with others, and the desire for intimacy or sexuality. ...
... Social, and Intimate (also known as Sexual or One-to-One). • They reflect the three basic desires in our human nature; the desire to protect the self, the desire to interact with others, and the desire for intimacy or sexuality. ...
LEARNING OBJECTIVES To demonstrate mastery of this chapter
... OBJECTIVE 15.6 — Define social influence; explain the three major forms of social influence; describe Asch’s experiment on conformity and the personal characteristics that make some people more susceptible to group pressures; explain how groupthink may contribute to poor decision-making and list way ...
... OBJECTIVE 15.6 — Define social influence; explain the three major forms of social influence; describe Asch’s experiment on conformity and the personal characteristics that make some people more susceptible to group pressures; explain how groupthink may contribute to poor decision-making and list way ...
An Overview of Social Role Valorization Theory
... even believes that a specific person or group deserves valued social roles, depends on one's personal value system, which (as noted above) has to come from somewhere other than SRV. The ideas behind SRV first began to be generated by the work that was being conducted by Wolfensberger and his associa ...
... even believes that a specific person or group deserves valued social roles, depends on one's personal value system, which (as noted above) has to come from somewhere other than SRV. The ideas behind SRV first began to be generated by the work that was being conducted by Wolfensberger and his associa ...
Chapter 14 Objectives
... OBJECTIVE 14.5 — Discuss the process of attribution, including the difference between external and internal causes; explain the fundamental attibution error and the actor-observer bias; and describe gender differences in attributing success. OBJECTIVE 14.6 — Define social influence and explain the d ...
... OBJECTIVE 14.5 — Discuss the process of attribution, including the difference between external and internal causes; explain the fundamental attibution error and the actor-observer bias; and describe gender differences in attributing success. OBJECTIVE 14.6 — Define social influence and explain the d ...
metamorphic others and nomadic subjects
... make us aware of the risks we are taking and living through in these post-nuclear/ industrial/ modern/ human days. The metamorphic power of monstrous others serves the function of illuminating the thresholds of 'otherness' while displacing their boundaries. Their effect is cathartic, as if the monst ...
... make us aware of the risks we are taking and living through in these post-nuclear/ industrial/ modern/ human days. The metamorphic power of monstrous others serves the function of illuminating the thresholds of 'otherness' while displacing their boundaries. Their effect is cathartic, as if the monst ...
Self-categorization theory
Self-categorization theory is a social psychological theory that describes the circumstances under which a person will perceive collections of people (including themselves) as a group, as well as the consequences of perceiving people in group terms. Although the theory is often introduced as an explanation of psychological group formation (which was one of its early goals), it is more accurately thought of as general analysis of the functioning of categorization processes in social perception and interaction that speaks to issues of individual identity as much as group phenomena.The theory was developed by John Turner and colleagues, and along with social identity theory it is a constituent part of the social identity approach. It was in part developed to address questions that arose in response to social identity theory about the mechanistic underpinnings of social identification. For example, what makes people define themselves in terms of one group membership rather than another? Self-categorization theory has been influential in the academic field of social psychology and beyond. It was first applied to the topics of social influence, group cohesion, group polarization, and collective action. In subsequent years the theory, often as part of the social identity approach, has been applied to further topics such as leadership, personality, outgroup homogeneity, and power. One tenet of the theory is that the self should not be considered as a foundational aspect of cognition, but rather the self should be seen as a product of the cognitive system at work. Or in other words, the self is an outcome of cognitive processes rather than a ""thing"" at the heart of cognition.