A Brief Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment For Social Anxiety
... manage their anxiety, but ultimately, are ineffective tools because they allow the client to not fully experience the feared situation, and thus, prevent them from recognizing there is nothing inherently fearful about the situation. Furthermore, safety behaviors actually maintain the individual’s an ...
... manage their anxiety, but ultimately, are ineffective tools because they allow the client to not fully experience the feared situation, and thus, prevent them from recognizing there is nothing inherently fearful about the situation. Furthermore, safety behaviors actually maintain the individual’s an ...
Self-Concept - School Psychologists Association of Southeast
... with family and community provides strength and resources for adolescents when challenged with conflicting expectations, racial discrimination, and class distinction. • One theoretical model proposes that stigmatized groups (e.g. African Americans) protect their self-concept by – a) attributing nega ...
... with family and community provides strength and resources for adolescents when challenged with conflicting expectations, racial discrimination, and class distinction. • One theoretical model proposes that stigmatized groups (e.g. African Americans) protect their self-concept by – a) attributing nega ...
Relationship between compliance gaining messages and - K-REx
... Persons do this by transcending their environment to ...
... Persons do this by transcending their environment to ...
Deviance - Sociology
... • To the Yanomamo, their actions were normal and not deviant at all. • Because different groups have different norms what is deviant to some is not deviant to others. • Crime A specific form of deviance where the violation of a norm is written into law. ...
... • To the Yanomamo, their actions were normal and not deviant at all. • Because different groups have different norms what is deviant to some is not deviant to others. • Crime A specific form of deviance where the violation of a norm is written into law. ...
Chapter Eight: Deviance and Social Control
... behaviors are defined as crimes, as well as in how actively “criminal behaviors” are prosecuted and/or punished. For example, although street crime is given the greatest attention by the media because of the violence associated with it, white-collar crime actually costs the American taxpayers more. ...
... behaviors are defined as crimes, as well as in how actively “criminal behaviors” are prosecuted and/or punished. For example, although street crime is given the greatest attention by the media because of the violence associated with it, white-collar crime actually costs the American taxpayers more. ...
Word - Review of Disability Studies: An International Journal
... Social settings establish the categories of persons likely to be encountered there (Goffman, 1963, p. 2). But what happens when individuals are regarded as not fitting in? “The term stigma, then, will be used to refer to an attribute that is deeply discrediting, but it should be seen that a language ...
... Social settings establish the categories of persons likely to be encountered there (Goffman, 1963, p. 2). But what happens when individuals are regarded as not fitting in? “The term stigma, then, will be used to refer to an attribute that is deeply discrediting, but it should be seen that a language ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... Shapero also argued a critical antecedent of entrepreneurial action is some “propensity to act” upon perceived opportunities while Seligman’s measure of resilience, learned optimism, has served as a potential proxy (Krueger, et al., 2000). In the earliest model of entrepreneurial intent, Shapero's m ...
... Shapero also argued a critical antecedent of entrepreneurial action is some “propensity to act” upon perceived opportunities while Seligman’s measure of resilience, learned optimism, has served as a potential proxy (Krueger, et al., 2000). In the earliest model of entrepreneurial intent, Shapero's m ...
Group Processes to Reduce Intergroup Conflict: An Additional
... and social perceptions will enable the individual to perceive people and social events in a way that reaches beyond common stereotypes or false notions. Lewin (1945/1948) likened false stereotypes and prejudices to erroneous concepts and theories. In his view, the first step to changing those concep ...
... and social perceptions will enable the individual to perceive people and social events in a way that reaches beyond common stereotypes or false notions. Lewin (1945/1948) likened false stereotypes and prejudices to erroneous concepts and theories. In his view, the first step to changing those concep ...
full text pdf
... the alternatives in the box. The first issue has to do with psychological agency, which is especially a problem for supraindividual accounts. Actions are individual, and so are brains, so there must be some individual psychological processes through which collective objects—such as practices—operate ...
... the alternatives in the box. The first issue has to do with psychological agency, which is especially a problem for supraindividual accounts. Actions are individual, and so are brains, so there must be some individual psychological processes through which collective objects—such as practices—operate ...
Social Norms:
... Ø Attaining common knowledge of new attitudes and confidence that appropriate actions will follow is always necessary to abandon an inferior norm ...
... Ø Attaining common knowledge of new attitudes and confidence that appropriate actions will follow is always necessary to abandon an inferior norm ...
Public apologia, moral transgression and degradation ceremonies
... theorists one needs to understand first and foremost “what works, when, under what circumstances”. The most common assumption of apologia is that what lies behind it is a strategic motivation to save face. Apologia brings into the foreground the cultural norm of remedial work on social relationships ...
... theorists one needs to understand first and foremost “what works, when, under what circumstances”. The most common assumption of apologia is that what lies behind it is a strategic motivation to save face. Apologia brings into the foreground the cultural norm of remedial work on social relationships ...
Liberals and conservatives are (geographically) dividing
... Ideological similarity, though, is typically more difficult to determine than physical similarity is. Thus, people need to use cues other than visible characteristics of potential interaction partners. It may be that attitudes, identities, ideologies, moral worldviews, and personalities are represen ...
... Ideological similarity, though, is typically more difficult to determine than physical similarity is. Thus, people need to use cues other than visible characteristics of potential interaction partners. It may be that attitudes, identities, ideologies, moral worldviews, and personalities are represen ...
Social Foundations of Cognition
... Dweck & Bempechat 1983; Nicholls 1983) has shown how different self-attri butions can motivate different forms of cognitive behavior, demonstrating how motivation can affect the form and substance of cognition as well as the amount of cognitive effort exerted. Investigators from several disciplines ...
... Dweck & Bempechat 1983; Nicholls 1983) has shown how different self-attri butions can motivate different forms of cognitive behavior, demonstrating how motivation can affect the form and substance of cognition as well as the amount of cognitive effort exerted. Investigators from several disciplines ...
File
... viewed as result of social problems (such as poverty). Social conditions are improved and treatment is tailored to individual needs. 4) Societal Protection: Modern approach easier to carry out than rehab. Even if society is unable/unwilling to rehabilitate offenders or reform social conditions, pe ...
... viewed as result of social problems (such as poverty). Social conditions are improved and treatment is tailored to individual needs. 4) Societal Protection: Modern approach easier to carry out than rehab. Even if society is unable/unwilling to rehabilitate offenders or reform social conditions, pe ...
Sociology of the Economy versus Economic Sociology
... in a factory receives payment not directly from the foreman but from a clerk) and the fact that rewards have the nature of ‘generalised reinforcements’ such as money or social approval. Such reinforcements can be used in many various situations as opposed to reinforcements which refer to a specific ...
... in a factory receives payment not directly from the foreman but from a clerk) and the fact that rewards have the nature of ‘generalised reinforcements’ such as money or social approval. Such reinforcements can be used in many various situations as opposed to reinforcements which refer to a specific ...
Culture
... and internalised conformity to group norms People tend to be more readily influenced by reference groups, because they are psychologically significant for our attitudes and behaviour, than by membership groups, as they are simply groups to which we belong by some external criterion, Give the right c ...
... and internalised conformity to group norms People tend to be more readily influenced by reference groups, because they are psychologically significant for our attitudes and behaviour, than by membership groups, as they are simply groups to which we belong by some external criterion, Give the right c ...
Postmodernism rejects the modernist or “naturalistic” approach by
... Most theories in criminology focus on the relationship between crime and various biological, psychological or social factors, and they assume that these factors have the same effect on offenders regardless of their age. In contrast, developmental theories assume that different factors may have diff ...
... Most theories in criminology focus on the relationship between crime and various biological, psychological or social factors, and they assume that these factors have the same effect on offenders regardless of their age. In contrast, developmental theories assume that different factors may have diff ...
Identity Construction and Cultural Adaptation in Mexican Immigrants
... individuals to define themselves by group norms, such as how should group members think, feel, behave, and act, instead of identifying oneself by individual characteristics. Self-categorization is one of the most important aspects of the social identity theory because it allows an individual to deve ...
... individuals to define themselves by group norms, such as how should group members think, feel, behave, and act, instead of identifying oneself by individual characteristics. Self-categorization is one of the most important aspects of the social identity theory because it allows an individual to deve ...
Losing our religion - Faculty Directory | Berkeley-Haas
... tendency of accountable subjects to form more complex impressions of the personalities of others that allowed for situational exceptions and characterological inconsistencies to broad-brush trait attributions such as “he’s dominant” or “she is friendly.” In the jargon of accountability theory, “pre- ...
... tendency of accountable subjects to form more complex impressions of the personalities of others that allowed for situational exceptions and characterological inconsistencies to broad-brush trait attributions such as “he’s dominant” or “she is friendly.” In the jargon of accountability theory, “pre- ...
Social Influence Online: The Impact of Social Validation and
... compliance (i.e., behavior change without pressure)2 and persuasion (i.e., attitude change without pressure). The purpose of this literature review was to investigate the extent to which compliance and persuasion had been examined in online environments. The review of the online compliance literatur ...
... compliance (i.e., behavior change without pressure)2 and persuasion (i.e., attitude change without pressure). The purpose of this literature review was to investigate the extent to which compliance and persuasion had been examined in online environments. The review of the online compliance literatur ...
Narrative organisation of social representations Janos Laszlo
... psychological theory, but rather a broad approach or framework for studying social psychological phenomena, or as Doise (1993) puts it a "grand theory". As such it is said to lend general conceptions about individual and/or societal functioning to orientate research efforts and to require ...
... psychological theory, but rather a broad approach or framework for studying social psychological phenomena, or as Doise (1993) puts it a "grand theory". As such it is said to lend general conceptions about individual and/or societal functioning to orientate research efforts and to require ...
Points of View and the reconciliation of Identity Oppositions
... held beliefs; adopting a perspective is an act of positioning that has identity ramifications. On the basis of their views, individuals are identified as liberals or democrats, communists or anarchists, fundamentalists or agnostics. Individuals negotiate their identities on the basis of the outlooks ...
... held beliefs; adopting a perspective is an act of positioning that has identity ramifications. On the basis of their views, individuals are identified as liberals or democrats, communists or anarchists, fundamentalists or agnostics. Individuals negotiate their identities on the basis of the outlooks ...
Does Social Capital Matter in the Well
... she/he is stingy (poor in moral resources) the ability to contribute to well-being of other actors in the social relationships is less. On the contrary, if an individual is rich in economic assets, well educated and in good health, while being kind and generous she/he will largely contribute to the ...
... she/he is stingy (poor in moral resources) the ability to contribute to well-being of other actors in the social relationships is less. On the contrary, if an individual is rich in economic assets, well educated and in good health, while being kind and generous she/he will largely contribute to the ...
economics language and assumptions: how theories
... ple act on the basis of ideology, they inadvertently arrange the very conditions that bring reality into correspondence with the ideology” (Schwartz, 1997: 21). The assumptions in transaction cost economics about how people behave become widely accepted as valid descriptors of behavior. These belief ...
... ple act on the basis of ideology, they inadvertently arrange the very conditions that bring reality into correspondence with the ideology” (Schwartz, 1997: 21). The assumptions in transaction cost economics about how people behave become widely accepted as valid descriptors of behavior. These belief ...
Self-categorization theory
Self-categorization theory is a social psychological theory that describes the circumstances under which a person will perceive collections of people (including themselves) as a group, as well as the consequences of perceiving people in group terms. Although the theory is often introduced as an explanation of psychological group formation (which was one of its early goals), it is more accurately thought of as general analysis of the functioning of categorization processes in social perception and interaction that speaks to issues of individual identity as much as group phenomena.The theory was developed by John Turner and colleagues, and along with social identity theory it is a constituent part of the social identity approach. It was in part developed to address questions that arose in response to social identity theory about the mechanistic underpinnings of social identification. For example, what makes people define themselves in terms of one group membership rather than another? Self-categorization theory has been influential in the academic field of social psychology and beyond. It was first applied to the topics of social influence, group cohesion, group polarization, and collective action. In subsequent years the theory, often as part of the social identity approach, has been applied to further topics such as leadership, personality, outgroup homogeneity, and power. One tenet of the theory is that the self should not be considered as a foundational aspect of cognition, but rather the self should be seen as a product of the cognitive system at work. Or in other words, the self is an outcome of cognitive processes rather than a ""thing"" at the heart of cognition.