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Prejudice and Discrimination
Prejudice and Discrimination

... A. Some theorists have argued that prejudice is more than just generic negative feelings toward a group, but rather is comprised of distinct negative emotions. B. Depending on what emotion underlies prejudice toward a particular group, the discriminatory action that might be expected could be differ ...
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Aronson, The Social Animal, 10e
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... Miller (1978) asked students to participate in an experiment. 56% of them agreed, after which they were told that the experiment would start at 7:00 AM. The volunteers were then told that they could withdraw if they chose to. None did so, and 95% turned up at the scheduled time. When a control group ...
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Attribution bias

In psychology, an attribution bias or attributional bias is a cognitive bias that refers to the systematic errors made when people evaluate or try to find reasons for their own and others' behaviors. People constantly make attributions regarding the cause of their own and others’ behaviors; however, attributions do not always accurately mirror reality. Rather than operating as objective perceivers, people are prone to perceptual errors that lead to biased interpretations of their social world.Attribution biases were first discussed in the 1950s and 60s by psychologists such as Fritz Heider, who studied attribution theory. Other psychologists, such as Harold Kelley and Ed Jones expanded Heider's early work by identifying conditions under which people are more or less likely to make different types of attributions.Attribution biases are present in everyday life, and therefore are an important and relevant topic to study. For example, when a driver cuts us off, we are more likely to attribute blame to the reckless driver (e.g., “What a jerk!”), rather than situational circumstances (e.g., “Maybe they were in a rush and didn’t notice me""). Additionally, there are many different types of attribution biases, such as the ultimate attribution error, fundamental attribution error, actor-observer bias, and hostile attribution bias. Each of these biases describes a specific tendency that people exhibit when reasoning about the cause of different behaviors.Since the early work, researchers have continued to examine how and why people exhibit biased interpretations of social information. Many different types of attribution biases have been identified, and more recent psychological research on these biases has examined how attribution biases can subsequently affect emotions and behavior.
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