as Adobe PDF - Edinburgh Research Explorer
... the specification of subtypes of VM in mice (Lettice et al. 1999) and flies (Azpiazu and Frasch 1993). This high level of functional conservation suggests that the underlying transcriptional circuitry governing VM development may also be conserved. To date, most progress has been made in elucidating ...
... the specification of subtypes of VM in mice (Lettice et al. 1999) and flies (Azpiazu and Frasch 1993). This high level of functional conservation suggests that the underlying transcriptional circuitry governing VM development may also be conserved. To date, most progress has been made in elucidating ...
Liver Effects of Clinical Drugs Differentiated in Human Liver
... methimazole (MMI, 500 µM), terbinafine (TBF, 100 µM), and carbamazepine (CBZ 100 µM). Oxidative stress genes were affected by TBF (18%), CBZ, APAP, and ETM (12%–11%), and mitochondrial genes were altered by CBZ, APAP, MMI, and ETM (8%–6%). Apoptosis genes were affected by DCF (14%), while apoptosis ...
... methimazole (MMI, 500 µM), terbinafine (TBF, 100 µM), and carbamazepine (CBZ 100 µM). Oxidative stress genes were affected by TBF (18%), CBZ, APAP, and ETM (12%–11%), and mitochondrial genes were altered by CBZ, APAP, MMI, and ETM (8%–6%). Apoptosis genes were affected by DCF (14%), while apoptosis ...
A rule-based kinetic model of RNA polymerase II C
... RNAPII enzyme. The model represents the kinases and phosphatases that act on these repeats during initiation, elongation, 30 end maturation and RNAPII recycling. We demonstrate that this model can help explain both genome-wide patterns of RNAPII phosphorylation on yeast genes, and changes in phospho ...
... RNAPII enzyme. The model represents the kinases and phosphatases that act on these repeats during initiation, elongation, 30 end maturation and RNAPII recycling. We demonstrate that this model can help explain both genome-wide patterns of RNAPII phosphorylation on yeast genes, and changes in phospho ...
Isolation and characterization of an RNA that binds with high affinity
... the presence and in the absence of authentic TAR RNA (F i g . 3 ). As seen in Figure 4A, which shows a representative autoradiogram, the basal level of transcription (lane 1) from the CMV early promoter was greatly reduced by the addition of 100 pmole of authentic TAR RNA (lanes 3 and 4). Quantifica ...
... the presence and in the absence of authentic TAR RNA (F i g . 3 ). As seen in Figure 4A, which shows a representative autoradiogram, the basal level of transcription (lane 1) from the CMV early promoter was greatly reduced by the addition of 100 pmole of authentic TAR RNA (lanes 3 and 4). Quantifica ...
Mouse Lefty2 and Zebrafish Antivin Are Feedback
... showed no signs of axial patterning and instead remained as a mass of cells lacking distinguished structure at the distal end (Figure 2C). The extraembryonic structures were less severely affected. Although the yalk sac was formed, blood vessels were not found, and the endodermal and mesodermal comp ...
... showed no signs of axial patterning and instead remained as a mass of cells lacking distinguished structure at the distal end (Figure 2C). The extraembryonic structures were less severely affected. Although the yalk sac was formed, blood vessels were not found, and the endodermal and mesodermal comp ...
CONSERVATION AND DIVERGENCE IN MOLECULAR
... Many organisms manifest polarity at some level; indeed, asymmetry seems essential for promoting meaningful interaction with the environment. Even the simplest unicellular organisms display temporary polarity in response to their environment; for example, in reception and response to chemotactic sign ...
... Many organisms manifest polarity at some level; indeed, asymmetry seems essential for promoting meaningful interaction with the environment. Even the simplest unicellular organisms display temporary polarity in response to their environment; for example, in reception and response to chemotactic sign ...
by Vanessa Di Gioacchino A thesis submitted to the Department of Biology
... Goα47A is a candidate gene in a putative haloperidol-affected pathway that is highly expressed in the nervous system. The gene encodes nine transcripts and two isoforms, which are 98% identical and differ only in the N-terminal region. However, the individual roles for each of the two different prot ...
... Goα47A is a candidate gene in a putative haloperidol-affected pathway that is highly expressed in the nervous system. The gene encodes nine transcripts and two isoforms, which are 98% identical and differ only in the N-terminal region. However, the individual roles for each of the two different prot ...
A Genome-Wide Survey of the NAC Transcription
... Transcription factors are proteins that modulate gene expression by binding to specific cis-acting promoter elements, thereby activating or repressing the transcription of target genes (Wray et al., 2003). Gene specific transcription factors are DNA-binding regulatory proteins that activate or repre ...
... Transcription factors are proteins that modulate gene expression by binding to specific cis-acting promoter elements, thereby activating or repressing the transcription of target genes (Wray et al., 2003). Gene specific transcription factors are DNA-binding regulatory proteins that activate or repre ...
DYAD in meiotic chromosome organisation - Development
... showed that in the mutant, chromosomes did not undergo synapsis and formed ten univalents instead of five bivalents. Unlike mutations in AtDMC1 and AtSPO11 which also affect bivalent formation as the univalent chromosomes segregate randomly, the dyad univalents formed an ordered metaphase plate and ...
... showed that in the mutant, chromosomes did not undergo synapsis and formed ten univalents instead of five bivalents. Unlike mutations in AtDMC1 and AtSPO11 which also affect bivalent formation as the univalent chromosomes segregate randomly, the dyad univalents formed an ordered metaphase plate and ...
X Chromosome Aneuploidy: A Look at the Effects of X Inactivation
... chromosome, and binds to the XIST RNA, keeping the XIST RNA from binding to that chromosome and inactivating it (Owaga, 2003). In contrast, only XIST RNA is found on the inactivated X chromosome (Plath et al., 2002). Compared to autosomal chromosomes, the X chromosome has significantly more inverted ...
... chromosome, and binds to the XIST RNA, keeping the XIST RNA from binding to that chromosome and inactivating it (Owaga, 2003). In contrast, only XIST RNA is found on the inactivated X chromosome (Plath et al., 2002). Compared to autosomal chromosomes, the X chromosome has significantly more inverted ...
Genomic imprinting in the development and evolution of
... ‘autistic spectrum’ used for Kanner (infantile) autism, Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, and some other conditions (Table 1). I thus refer to ‘psychosis’ throughout this paper in a general sense as disordered cognition, emotionality, or both, commonly involving some component of positive symptoms s ...
... ‘autistic spectrum’ used for Kanner (infantile) autism, Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, and some other conditions (Table 1). I thus refer to ‘psychosis’ throughout this paper in a general sense as disordered cognition, emotionality, or both, commonly involving some component of positive symptoms s ...
Conserved syntenic clusters of protein coding genes are missing in
... Results: Using comparative genomics based on extensive searches of 60 avian genomes, we have found that birds lack approximately 274 protein coding genes that are present in the genomes of most vertebrate lineages and are for the most part organized in conserved syntenic clusters in non-avian saurop ...
... Results: Using comparative genomics based on extensive searches of 60 avian genomes, we have found that birds lack approximately 274 protein coding genes that are present in the genomes of most vertebrate lineages and are for the most part organized in conserved syntenic clusters in non-avian saurop ...
Understanding Reads in RNA-Seq Analysis
... Quantification: Assigning Reads to Transcripts This step maps the aligned reads to transcripts using a modified E/M algorithm; detailed information about this algorithm can be found in the white paper RNA-Seq methods in the tutorial page. Given a list of transcripts, each read can be mapped to one o ...
... Quantification: Assigning Reads to Transcripts This step maps the aligned reads to transcripts using a modified E/M algorithm; detailed information about this algorithm can be found in the white paper RNA-Seq methods in the tutorial page. Given a list of transcripts, each read can be mapped to one o ...
Conserved syntenic clusters of protein coding genes are missing in birds
... Results: Using comparative genomics based on extensive searches of 60 avian genomes, we have found that birds lack approximately 274 protein coding genes that are present in the genomes of most vertebrate lineages and are for the most part organized in conserved syntenic clusters in non-avian saurop ...
... Results: Using comparative genomics based on extensive searches of 60 avian genomes, we have found that birds lack approximately 274 protein coding genes that are present in the genomes of most vertebrate lineages and are for the most part organized in conserved syntenic clusters in non-avian saurop ...
Gene Section HRK (harakiri, BCL2 interacting protein (contains only BH3 domain))
... Figure 2. HRK gene and promoter structure. A. Structure of the HRK gene. The structure of the human and rat HRK genes is shown. The HRK gene consists of two exons separated by a large intron. The transcriptional start site is indicated as +1 (see panel B for DNA sequence). Exon 1 contains the HRK op ...
... Figure 2. HRK gene and promoter structure. A. Structure of the HRK gene. The structure of the human and rat HRK genes is shown. The HRK gene consists of two exons separated by a large intron. The transcriptional start site is indicated as +1 (see panel B for DNA sequence). Exon 1 contains the HRK op ...
fulltext - DiVA portal
... formation in a calcium-independent fashion. ClyA is the only cytolytic factor found in non-pathogenic strains of E. coli including the K-12 strains commonly used in laboratory studies [2-7]. The clyA+ transcription is known to be subjected to transcriptional silencing by the H-NS nucleoid protein in ...
... formation in a calcium-independent fashion. ClyA is the only cytolytic factor found in non-pathogenic strains of E. coli including the K-12 strains commonly used in laboratory studies [2-7]. The clyA+ transcription is known to be subjected to transcriptional silencing by the H-NS nucleoid protein in ...
Bayesian Learning of MicroRNA Targets from Sequence
... understanding the full scope of post-transcriptional gene regulation is the discovery of microRNAs. These short, 23 nt-long RNAs suppress protein synthesis from specific transcripts that contain anti-sense target sequences to which the miRNAs can hybridize with complete or partial complementarity [1 ...
... understanding the full scope of post-transcriptional gene regulation is the discovery of microRNAs. These short, 23 nt-long RNAs suppress protein synthesis from specific transcripts that contain anti-sense target sequences to which the miRNAs can hybridize with complete or partial complementarity [1 ...
Microbiology
... 2003, 2005). MutS is involved in the methyl-directed recognition of DNA mismatches related to replication, which include base mismatches and small insertion and deletion mispairs (Modrich, 1991). The expression of mismatch repair systems can be negatively influenced by stress or growth-limiting cond ...
... 2003, 2005). MutS is involved in the methyl-directed recognition of DNA mismatches related to replication, which include base mismatches and small insertion and deletion mispairs (Modrich, 1991). The expression of mismatch repair systems can be negatively influenced by stress or growth-limiting cond ...
Loss of Hox-A1 (Hox-1.6) function results in the
... embryos revealed highly organized patterns of sensory fiber and motor neuron labeling. Dye injections were made between E11.5 and E12.5 shortly after the disappearance of morphologically identifiable rhombomeres. However, based on observations in chick (Lumsden and Keynes, 1989) and mouse (Marshall ...
... embryos revealed highly organized patterns of sensory fiber and motor neuron labeling. Dye injections were made between E11.5 and E12.5 shortly after the disappearance of morphologically identifiable rhombomeres. However, based on observations in chick (Lumsden and Keynes, 1989) and mouse (Marshall ...
Mice 2 NZW)F Genetic Complementation in Female (BXSB ×
... (chromosomes 2, 4, 5, 7, 10, 11, 12, and 16) (7–9), and at least 11 loci for the Yaa⫹ BXSB (possibly four regions on chromosome 1, possibly two on chromosome 4, and a single locus each on chromosomes 3, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, and 17) (10 –12). Although some of the overlapping loci from different strains ...
... (chromosomes 2, 4, 5, 7, 10, 11, 12, and 16) (7–9), and at least 11 loci for the Yaa⫹ BXSB (possibly four regions on chromosome 1, possibly two on chromosome 4, and a single locus each on chromosomes 3, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, and 17) (10 –12). Although some of the overlapping loci from different strains ...
informe tecnológico de patentes
... product of the mutant allele. We present a small interfering RNA (siRNA) that selectively reduces the endogenous mRNA for a heterozygous HD donor's pathogenic allele by approximately 80% by specifically targeting a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located several thousand bases downstream from t ...
... product of the mutant allele. We present a small interfering RNA (siRNA) that selectively reduces the endogenous mRNA for a heterozygous HD donor's pathogenic allele by approximately 80% by specifically targeting a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located several thousand bases downstream from t ...