REVIEW FOR TEST 3: ENERGETICS
... 1. Define: autotroph, heterotroph, biochemical pathway, aerobic and anaerobic reactions, chemiosmosis, ATP synthase, reduction and oxidation (Redox) 2. Describe the two types of phosphorylation a. substrate-level phosphorylation b. chemiosmotic phosphorylation 1. photophosphorylation (CH 10) 2. oxid ...
... 1. Define: autotroph, heterotroph, biochemical pathway, aerobic and anaerobic reactions, chemiosmosis, ATP synthase, reduction and oxidation (Redox) 2. Describe the two types of phosphorylation a. substrate-level phosphorylation b. chemiosmotic phosphorylation 1. photophosphorylation (CH 10) 2. oxid ...
No Slide Title
... 2. Krebs Cycle (aka. citric acid cycle) Acetyl CoA is broken down completely to CO2. cells use carbon skeletons of intermediates to produce other organic molecules (amino acids). energy harvested per acetyl CoA: 1 ATP (via substrate-level phosphorylation) ...
... 2. Krebs Cycle (aka. citric acid cycle) Acetyl CoA is broken down completely to CO2. cells use carbon skeletons of intermediates to produce other organic molecules (amino acids). energy harvested per acetyl CoA: 1 ATP (via substrate-level phosphorylation) ...
Chapter 5
... Aerobic respiration of glucose, pyruvic acid is formed by glycoly sis, then converted into acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) Energy is released in oxidative reactions, and is captured as ATP Pyruvic acid enters interior of mitochondria Converted to acetyl y CoA and 2 C02 Acetyl CoA serves as substrate ...
... Aerobic respiration of glucose, pyruvic acid is formed by glycoly sis, then converted into acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) Energy is released in oxidative reactions, and is captured as ATP Pyruvic acid enters interior of mitochondria Converted to acetyl y CoA and 2 C02 Acetyl CoA serves as substrate ...
Chapter 9 / Energy-Releasing Pathways and Biosynthesis I
... a. takes place on inner mitochondrial membrane b. electrons from Hs carried by NADH and FADH2 c. electron transport chain consists of molecules that are electron acceptors and proteins called cytochromes d. energy from electrons passing through chain is used to make ATP e. final electron acceptor is ...
... a. takes place on inner mitochondrial membrane b. electrons from Hs carried by NADH and FADH2 c. electron transport chain consists of molecules that are electron acceptors and proteins called cytochromes d. energy from electrons passing through chain is used to make ATP e. final electron acceptor is ...
A: Objective type questions: Choose the correct answers Most
... All are characteristics of anabolism EXCEPT: a. assembly of complex molecules. b. formation of new covalent bonds. c. ATP provides energy. d. NADPH is an electron donor. e. all are true. Ans. E ...
... All are characteristics of anabolism EXCEPT: a. assembly of complex molecules. b. formation of new covalent bonds. c. ATP provides energy. d. NADPH is an electron donor. e. all are true. Ans. E ...
Chapter 19
... • a-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex: inhibited by ATP, NADH, and succinyl CoA; activated by ADP and NAD+. ...
... • a-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex: inhibited by ATP, NADH, and succinyl CoA; activated by ADP and NAD+. ...
I. Cellular Respiration – complex process in which cells make ATP
... 2. Electron Transport Chain – second stage of aerobic respiration a) takes place in inner membrane of mitochondria, ATP is produced by the electron transport chain when NADH & FADH2 release H atoms regenerating NAD+ & FAD b) this causes high energy levels of the electrons in the H atoms c) the elect ...
... 2. Electron Transport Chain – second stage of aerobic respiration a) takes place in inner membrane of mitochondria, ATP is produced by the electron transport chain when NADH & FADH2 release H atoms regenerating NAD+ & FAD b) this causes high energy levels of the electrons in the H atoms c) the elect ...
Recap: structure of ATP
... How much ATP has been produced? • Glycolysis: • Link reaction: • Krebs cycle: ...
... How much ATP has been produced? • Glycolysis: • Link reaction: • Krebs cycle: ...
ch3b FA11 - Cal State LA
... • Collection of biochemical rxns within a cell • Metabolic pathways – Sequence of rxns – Each step catalyzed by a different enzyme • Enzymes of a pathway often physically interact to form large complexes – Limits amount of diffusion needed at each step of the pathway – The product of the preceding s ...
... • Collection of biochemical rxns within a cell • Metabolic pathways – Sequence of rxns – Each step catalyzed by a different enzyme • Enzymes of a pathway often physically interact to form large complexes – Limits amount of diffusion needed at each step of the pathway – The product of the preceding s ...
The Citric Acid Cycle
... • Energy is conserved in the reduced coenzymes NADH, QH2 and one GTP • NADH, QH2 can be oxidized to produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation ...
... • Energy is conserved in the reduced coenzymes NADH, QH2 and one GTP • NADH, QH2 can be oxidized to produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation ...
Ch 07 Microbial Metabolism
... Catabolism • Enzymes catabolize organic molecules to precursor molecules and/or energy that cells then use for anabolism. • Energy is stored in – electrons available in NADH and FADH2 ...
... Catabolism • Enzymes catabolize organic molecules to precursor molecules and/or energy that cells then use for anabolism. • Energy is stored in – electrons available in NADH and FADH2 ...
The Citric Acid Cycle
... undergo via a cyclic pathway • O2 consumption and pyruvate oxidation in minced muscle tissues were found to be stimulated by some four-carbon dicarboxylic acids (Fumarate, succinate, malate and oxaloacetate, five-carbon dicarboxylic acid (a-ketoglutarate ), or six-carbon tricarboxylic ...
... undergo via a cyclic pathway • O2 consumption and pyruvate oxidation in minced muscle tissues were found to be stimulated by some four-carbon dicarboxylic acids (Fumarate, succinate, malate and oxaloacetate, five-carbon dicarboxylic acid (a-ketoglutarate ), or six-carbon tricarboxylic ...
chapter_6_mod_2009
... Cells can use the energy in fats and proteins as well. – Fats are digested into fatty acids and glycerol. – Proteins are digested into amino acids. Cells must convert fats and proteins into molecules that can enter and be metabolized by the enzymes of glycolysis or the Kreb’s cycle. ...
... Cells can use the energy in fats and proteins as well. – Fats are digested into fatty acids and glycerol. – Proteins are digested into amino acids. Cells must convert fats and proteins into molecules that can enter and be metabolized by the enzymes of glycolysis or the Kreb’s cycle. ...
The Krebs Cycle - County Central High School
... Why is this organelle so important for cellular respiration? It is important because it is where 3 of the stages occur and it is the power-house of the cell creating large quantities of ATP ...
... Why is this organelle so important for cellular respiration? It is important because it is where 3 of the stages occur and it is the power-house of the cell creating large quantities of ATP ...
ReviewExamIII
... How does fermentation allow glycolysis to start up again even in the absence of oxygen? Where in aerobic cellular respiration is the most carbon dioxide released (What set of reactions and where in the cell? What are the products of fermentation for human muscle cells, yeast, and bacteria? Where do ...
... How does fermentation allow glycolysis to start up again even in the absence of oxygen? Where in aerobic cellular respiration is the most carbon dioxide released (What set of reactions and where in the cell? What are the products of fermentation for human muscle cells, yeast, and bacteria? Where do ...
BIOLOGY
... 1. Glycolysis is a series of chemical reactions in the cytoplasm of a cell that breaks down a molecule of GLUCOSE into two molecules of PYRUVIC ACID (pyruvate, a C3 compound). 4 ATPs per glucose molecule are produced; no oxygen is required for this process. This is known as anaerobic process. Pyruvi ...
... 1. Glycolysis is a series of chemical reactions in the cytoplasm of a cell that breaks down a molecule of GLUCOSE into two molecules of PYRUVIC ACID (pyruvate, a C3 compound). 4 ATPs per glucose molecule are produced; no oxygen is required for this process. This is known as anaerobic process. Pyruvi ...
Catabolic and Anabolic Reactions
... electrons. Energy released from transfer of electrons (oxidation) of chlorophyll through a system of carrier molecules is used to generate ATP. ...
... electrons. Energy released from transfer of electrons (oxidation) of chlorophyll through a system of carrier molecules is used to generate ATP. ...
BI0 120 cell and tissues
... e. Electron transport chain. 42. Before pyruvate enters the TCA cycle, it is decarboxylated, oxidized, and combined with coenzyme A, forming acetyl CoA, carbon dioxide, and one molecule of a. NADH + H+ b. FADH2 c. ATP d. ADP e. C6H12O6 43. In the first step of the CTA, acetyl CoA reacts with oxaloa ...
... e. Electron transport chain. 42. Before pyruvate enters the TCA cycle, it is decarboxylated, oxidized, and combined with coenzyme A, forming acetyl CoA, carbon dioxide, and one molecule of a. NADH + H+ b. FADH2 c. ATP d. ADP e. C6H12O6 43. In the first step of the CTA, acetyl CoA reacts with oxaloa ...
Note 4.1 - Cellular Respiration
... but they can also use lipids and proteins to obtain energy. There are four stages of cellular respiration that take place to produce ATP, either by substrate-level or oxidative phosphorylation. 1. Glycolysis (in cytosol). Enzymes break down one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. Som ...
... but they can also use lipids and proteins to obtain energy. There are four stages of cellular respiration that take place to produce ATP, either by substrate-level or oxidative phosphorylation. 1. Glycolysis (in cytosol). Enzymes break down one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. Som ...
File - Mr. Shanks` Class
... To calculate the energy released by lipid breakdown, there are two steps. Step One: beta-oxidation step that converts a long chain of carbons into a series of acetyl-CoA The oxidation of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA molecules requires the breaking of bonds, always one less bond that the number of ac ...
... To calculate the energy released by lipid breakdown, there are two steps. Step One: beta-oxidation step that converts a long chain of carbons into a series of acetyl-CoA The oxidation of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA molecules requires the breaking of bonds, always one less bond that the number of ac ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.