Food Utilization
... • Recommended daily allowances (RDA) – safe estimate of daily intake for standard needs • Essential nutrients can not be synthesized – minerals, vitamins, 8 amino acids and 1-3 fatty acids ...
... • Recommended daily allowances (RDA) – safe estimate of daily intake for standard needs • Essential nutrients can not be synthesized – minerals, vitamins, 8 amino acids and 1-3 fatty acids ...
D2145 Systems Biology
... transfer the amino group from alanine in the liver transfer the amino group from aspartate form a peptide bond using the amino group of alanine form a peptide group using the amino group of aspartate ...
... transfer the amino group from alanine in the liver transfer the amino group from aspartate form a peptide bond using the amino group of alanine form a peptide group using the amino group of aspartate ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
... • Pyruvate converted to ethanol, releasing CO2 • NADH is oxidized to make NAD+ ...
... • Pyruvate converted to ethanol, releasing CO2 • NADH is oxidized to make NAD+ ...
File
... Q6 Describe Gluconeogenisis. What are two control factors for this reaction? This is a series of reactions that creates glucose from non carbohydrate sources such as lactate, pyruvate, some amino acids and glycerol. The difference of enzymes between this and Glycolosis is one control factor and anot ...
... Q6 Describe Gluconeogenisis. What are two control factors for this reaction? This is a series of reactions that creates glucose from non carbohydrate sources such as lactate, pyruvate, some amino acids and glycerol. The difference of enzymes between this and Glycolosis is one control factor and anot ...
Energy metabolism - Donald Edward Winslow
... A closed system does not exchange energy or matter with anything outside it. ...
... A closed system does not exchange energy or matter with anything outside it. ...
Exam 2
... e. None of the above 19. The followings are electron some carriers. ____ carries two electrons at one time. a. CoQ b. 2Fe-2S c. FMNH2 d. NADH e. None of them 20. The followings are some descriptions of ATP and NAD+. a. When ATP mass action ratio is increased, the ATP production is increased. b. When ...
... e. None of the above 19. The followings are electron some carriers. ____ carries two electrons at one time. a. CoQ b. 2Fe-2S c. FMNH2 d. NADH e. None of them 20. The followings are some descriptions of ATP and NAD+. a. When ATP mass action ratio is increased, the ATP production is increased. b. When ...
Detoxification of ammonia and biosynthesis of urea
... form alanine, which is released into the blood. ...
... form alanine, which is released into the blood. ...
Title
... The movement of electrons from NADH to O2 by electron transport: a) has negative free energy b) drives protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane creating a proton motive force c) results in ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation d) all of the above e) none of the above A pyruvate is turne ...
... The movement of electrons from NADH to O2 by electron transport: a) has negative free energy b) drives protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane creating a proton motive force c) results in ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation d) all of the above e) none of the above A pyruvate is turne ...
Substrate Metabolism – Rest vs Stress
... - rest = basal metabolic rate + minimal exercise - major stress = 50% burn - aim = to preserve plasma glucose levels for brain metabolism. REST - least expensive form of energy production utilized: carbohydrate -> fat -> protein in decreasing ratios. Carbohydrate Sources ...
... - rest = basal metabolic rate + minimal exercise - major stress = 50% burn - aim = to preserve plasma glucose levels for brain metabolism. REST - least expensive form of energy production utilized: carbohydrate -> fat -> protein in decreasing ratios. Carbohydrate Sources ...
ATP GENERATION The energy captured within ATP can then be
... GTP can be interconverted with ADP to form ATP) ...
... GTP can be interconverted with ADP to form ATP) ...
The Aerobic Fate of Pyruvate
... metabolism occurs. The 2 moles of NADH produced by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase are oxidized in the electron transport chain back to NAD+. The electron transport chain generates a proton gradient that drives the synthesis of 5 ATP molecules from ADP and Pi. Further more, the pyruvate for ...
... metabolism occurs. The 2 moles of NADH produced by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase are oxidized in the electron transport chain back to NAD+. The electron transport chain generates a proton gradient that drives the synthesis of 5 ATP molecules from ADP and Pi. Further more, the pyruvate for ...
Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration - SBI
... • Cells use oxygen to obtain energy from food: aerobic cellular respiration ...
... • Cells use oxygen to obtain energy from food: aerobic cellular respiration ...
Lecture 4 - Citric Acid Cycle 1 2 3 4 - chem.uwec.edu
... Citric acid cycle is also an important source of precursors Two of the intermediates are only one step away from an amino acid One of the intermediates is used in the synthesis of ...
... Citric acid cycle is also an important source of precursors Two of the intermediates are only one step away from an amino acid One of the intermediates is used in the synthesis of ...
Citric Acid Cycle - chem.uwec.edu - University of Wisconsin
... label was in the released CO2. Why were the early investigators of the citric acid cycle surprised that all the label emerged in the CO2? ...
... label was in the released CO2. Why were the early investigators of the citric acid cycle surprised that all the label emerged in the CO2? ...
Document
... Humans and bacteria that make yogurt produce another product through fermenataion, namely _______. ...
... Humans and bacteria that make yogurt produce another product through fermenataion, namely _______. ...
The pathway from “activated acetic acid” to fatty acids and terpenes
... Triglycerides are also stored in muscle ...
... Triglycerides are also stored in muscle ...
Exam 2 Review Answer Key
... 4. T/F competitive inhibitors bind the active site of an enzyme while noncompetitive inhibitors bind an allosteric site Ch. 7.1-7.2: Respiration 5. If cyanide is added to a cell, will NADH and FADH2 be oxidized in the electron transport chain? a. NADH will but FADH2 won’t b. NADH won’t but FADH2 wil ...
... 4. T/F competitive inhibitors bind the active site of an enzyme while noncompetitive inhibitors bind an allosteric site Ch. 7.1-7.2: Respiration 5. If cyanide is added to a cell, will NADH and FADH2 be oxidized in the electron transport chain? a. NADH will but FADH2 won’t b. NADH won’t but FADH2 wil ...
Friday`s presentation.
... energy stored in the concentration gradient of H+ ions (i.e., protons) across the inner membrane, which is relatively impermeable to H+. b. The H+ ions tend to move down their concentration gradient toward the matrix of the mitochondrion. Movement through the ATP synthase is used to generate the ATP ...
... energy stored in the concentration gradient of H+ ions (i.e., protons) across the inner membrane, which is relatively impermeable to H+. b. The H+ ions tend to move down their concentration gradient toward the matrix of the mitochondrion. Movement through the ATP synthase is used to generate the ATP ...
Slide 1
... energy stored in the concentration gradient of H+ ions (i.e., protons) across the inner membrane, which is relatively impermeable to H+. b. The H+ ions tend to move down their concentration gradient toward the matrix of the mitochondrion. Movement through the ATP synthase is used to generate the ATP ...
... energy stored in the concentration gradient of H+ ions (i.e., protons) across the inner membrane, which is relatively impermeable to H+. b. The H+ ions tend to move down their concentration gradient toward the matrix of the mitochondrion. Movement through the ATP synthase is used to generate the ATP ...
Metabolic Adaptation - Washington State University
... versus protein • Amino acids and carbohydrates are at about the same oxidation state – so although the exact pathways may vary from one amino acid to another, the yield of ATP from a gram of amino acid is about the same as the yield from a gram of glucose. • However, as in the example of the fly, am ...
... versus protein • Amino acids and carbohydrates are at about the same oxidation state – so although the exact pathways may vary from one amino acid to another, the yield of ATP from a gram of amino acid is about the same as the yield from a gram of glucose. • However, as in the example of the fly, am ...
Cell Energyrespiration
... during aerobic respiration. •Electron Transport Chain During aerobic respiration, large amounts of ATP are made in an electron transport chain. ...
... during aerobic respiration. •Electron Transport Chain During aerobic respiration, large amounts of ATP are made in an electron transport chain. ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.