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8 Cellular Respiration-2016 ClydeRamloch... 167KB Nov 02 2016
8 Cellular Respiration-2016 ClydeRamloch... 167KB Nov 02 2016

... What are the four phases of cellular Respiration? All cells need energy all the time, and their primary source of energy is ATP. The methods cells use to make ATP vary depending on the availability of oxygen and their biological make-up. In many cases the cells are in an oxygen-rich environment. For ...
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... A. Krebs cycle: biochem. Pathway that breaks down acetyl CoA  produces CO2, H atoms, ATP B. By Hans Krebs (1900-1981), German biochemist C. 5 main steps; in eukaryotic cells - all steps occur in mitochondrial matrix 1) 2C molecule of acetyl CoA + 4C compound oxaloacetic acid  6C citric acid a. Reg ...
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Citric acid cycle



The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
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