Biology 190-Fall 2005 ANSWER SHEET
... 4. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be neither created nor destroyed. For living organisms, which of the following is an important consequence of the first law? A) The energy content of an organism is constant. B) The organism ultimately must obtain all of the necessary energy ...
... 4. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be neither created nor destroyed. For living organisms, which of the following is an important consequence of the first law? A) The energy content of an organism is constant. B) The organism ultimately must obtain all of the necessary energy ...
2, The Glyoxylate Pathway
... • NADPH is required for many reductive processes in addition to biosynthesis. Erythrocyte membrane integrity requires reduced glutathione (GSH) to eliminate H2O2 and organic hydroperoxides. Peroxides are eliminated by glutathione peroxidase using GSH and yielding glutatione ...
... • NADPH is required for many reductive processes in addition to biosynthesis. Erythrocyte membrane integrity requires reduced glutathione (GSH) to eliminate H2O2 and organic hydroperoxides. Peroxides are eliminated by glutathione peroxidase using GSH and yielding glutatione ...
Document
... • NADPH is required for many reductive processes in addition to biosynthesis. Erythrocyte membrane integrity requires reduced glutathione (GSH) to eliminate H2O2 and organic hydroperoxides. Peroxides are eliminated by glutathione peroxidase using GSH and yielding glutatione ...
... • NADPH is required for many reductive processes in addition to biosynthesis. Erythrocyte membrane integrity requires reduced glutathione (GSH) to eliminate H2O2 and organic hydroperoxides. Peroxides are eliminated by glutathione peroxidase using GSH and yielding glutatione ...
The Kreb`s Cycle
... cyclic series of enzymatic reactions in mitochondria Def: cyclic series of enzymatic rxns that transfers energy from organic molecules to ATP, NADH, and FADH2 and removes carbon atoms as CO2 8 steps ...
... cyclic series of enzymatic reactions in mitochondria Def: cyclic series of enzymatic rxns that transfers energy from organic molecules to ATP, NADH, and FADH2 and removes carbon atoms as CO2 8 steps ...
KATABOLISME KARBOHIDRAT
... The cristae also contain an ATP synthase complex through which hydrogen ions flow down their gradient from the intermembrane space into the matrix. The flow of three H+ through an ATP synthase complex causes a conformational change, which causes the ATP synthase to synthesize ATP from ADP + P. ...
... The cristae also contain an ATP synthase complex through which hydrogen ions flow down their gradient from the intermembrane space into the matrix. The flow of three H+ through an ATP synthase complex causes a conformational change, which causes the ATP synthase to synthesize ATP from ADP + P. ...
cellular respiration
... During fermentation by yeast, pyruvate is broken down to carbon dioxide and ethanol (an alcohol). The amounts of ethanol and carbon dioxide produced vary with different yeasts and different environmental conditions. In wine-making, grapes are crushed to release the juice which contains sugars. Yeast ...
... During fermentation by yeast, pyruvate is broken down to carbon dioxide and ethanol (an alcohol). The amounts of ethanol and carbon dioxide produced vary with different yeasts and different environmental conditions. In wine-making, grapes are crushed to release the juice which contains sugars. Yeast ...
Name Date Period Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting
... 3. What is the summary equation for cellular respiration and what is the free energy change in this process? ...
... 3. What is the summary equation for cellular respiration and what is the free energy change in this process? ...
Document
... This electron micrograph of a muscle cell shows some features of adaptation to aerobic exercise training. Increased number of mitochondria per cell Increase in the concentration of Krebs cycle enzymes in the matrix ...
... This electron micrograph of a muscle cell shows some features of adaptation to aerobic exercise training. Increased number of mitochondria per cell Increase in the concentration of Krebs cycle enzymes in the matrix ...
Chapter 1 The Framework of Biology
... regenerated. ATP is made across the inner membrane of mitochondria. Oxidative phosphorylation involves an electron transport chain embedded in a mitochondrial membrane in which H+ ions are concentrated on one side of the membrane using high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2. ATP is formed by ATP ...
... regenerated. ATP is made across the inner membrane of mitochondria. Oxidative phosphorylation involves an electron transport chain embedded in a mitochondrial membrane in which H+ ions are concentrated on one side of the membrane using high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2. ATP is formed by ATP ...
Ans
... and substrate level phosphorylation? Ans: Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs during Glycolysis and the Kreb’s Cycle and involves the physical addition of a free phosphate to ADP to form ATP. The formation of ATP in this manner is referred to as substrate-level phosphorylation because the phospha ...
... and substrate level phosphorylation? Ans: Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs during Glycolysis and the Kreb’s Cycle and involves the physical addition of a free phosphate to ADP to form ATP. The formation of ATP in this manner is referred to as substrate-level phosphorylation because the phospha ...
Chapter 7A- Cellular Respiration: Glycolysis - TJ
... Glycolysis is the first of 3 steps in cellular respiration. Review glycolysis by matching each phrase on the left with a term on the right. Some terms are used twice, some questions may have more than 1 answer. 1. Compound formed as glucose is changed to pyruvic acid. ...
... Glycolysis is the first of 3 steps in cellular respiration. Review glycolysis by matching each phrase on the left with a term on the right. Some terms are used twice, some questions may have more than 1 answer. 1. Compound formed as glucose is changed to pyruvic acid. ...
The Electron Transport Chain Chemiosmosis
... “The oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide releases approximately 277.4 kcal of energy. If all of this energy is released at one time, then most of it would be lost as heat. Burning the energy all at once would be akin to igniting your gas tank in order to run your car, rather than burning small am ...
... “The oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide releases approximately 277.4 kcal of energy. If all of this energy is released at one time, then most of it would be lost as heat. Burning the energy all at once would be akin to igniting your gas tank in order to run your car, rather than burning small am ...
chapter 4 pptol
... “Prep” steps or intermediate steps Citric acid cycle (aka TCA or Kreb’s Cycle) Electron transport system Glycolysis Series of ten reactions Breaks down glucose into 2 pyruvic acid molecules Occurs in cytosol ...
... “Prep” steps or intermediate steps Citric acid cycle (aka TCA or Kreb’s Cycle) Electron transport system Glycolysis Series of ten reactions Breaks down glucose into 2 pyruvic acid molecules Occurs in cytosol ...
Chapter_25_Metabolism
... other nutrients to the liver. • In the liver (and in skeletal muscle) it is stored as glycogen, a polysaccharide. • When cells need glucose, glycogen is broken down. ...
... other nutrients to the liver. • In the liver (and in skeletal muscle) it is stored as glycogen, a polysaccharide. • When cells need glucose, glycogen is broken down. ...
Transport of molecules into a bacterial cell
... The vitamin CoA is way bigger than the organic acids acted on by the enzymes. CoA serves as a handle; an acid attaches to it, chemistry is done on the acid. Acids (e.g. acetate, succinate) attach to this –SH group here. ...
... The vitamin CoA is way bigger than the organic acids acted on by the enzymes. CoA serves as a handle; an acid attaches to it, chemistry is done on the acid. Acids (e.g. acetate, succinate) attach to this –SH group here. ...
Vitamins Clinical relevance: homocystinuria: B6 and/or B12 and/or
... o produced by metabolic pathways and used by other enzymes to carry out key rxns: ATP ...
... o produced by metabolic pathways and used by other enzymes to carry out key rxns: ATP ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Occurs in the matrix of mitochondria. • Since each glucose produces 2 pyruvates after glycolysis, it takes 2 turns of the Krebs cycle to break down 1 glucose. • Each turn produces 3 CO2 which enter the lungs via diffusion. • Each turn will produce 1 ATP and 4 NADPH • In total the Krebs cycle produ ...
... • Occurs in the matrix of mitochondria. • Since each glucose produces 2 pyruvates after glycolysis, it takes 2 turns of the Krebs cycle to break down 1 glucose. • Each turn produces 3 CO2 which enter the lungs via diffusion. • Each turn will produce 1 ATP and 4 NADPH • In total the Krebs cycle produ ...
BIOMEDICAL IMPORTANCE Fatty acids are synthesized by an
... with increased concentrations of plasma free fatty acids, and an inverse relationship has been demonstrated between hepatic lipogenesis and the concentration of serum-free fatty acids. Lipogenesis is increased when such crose is fed instead of glucose because fructose bypasses the phosphofructokinas ...
... with increased concentrations of plasma free fatty acids, and an inverse relationship has been demonstrated between hepatic lipogenesis and the concentration of serum-free fatty acids. Lipogenesis is increased when such crose is fed instead of glucose because fructose bypasses the phosphofructokinas ...
Cell Respiration - Life is a journey: Mr. T finding his way
... → Acetyl CoA Each Acetyl CoA enters Krebs cycle Much efficient than anaerobic respiration – Breaks down (completely oxidizes) glucose – Products are carbon dioxide and water – Leaves no by-products – ATP per glucose is much higher ...
... → Acetyl CoA Each Acetyl CoA enters Krebs cycle Much efficient than anaerobic respiration – Breaks down (completely oxidizes) glucose – Products are carbon dioxide and water – Leaves no by-products – ATP per glucose is much higher ...
BB 451/551 Exam 1 - Oregon State University
... For example, the practice question below has three correct answers (b,c,d). You would receive four points if you circled ‘b’,’c’, and ‘d’. You would receive one point if you circled ‘a’ and ‘b’. You would receive no points if you circled only ‘a’. If we have uncertainty about whether or not an answe ...
... For example, the practice question below has three correct answers (b,c,d). You would receive four points if you circled ‘b’,’c’, and ‘d’. You would receive one point if you circled ‘a’ and ‘b’. You would receive no points if you circled only ‘a’. If we have uncertainty about whether or not an answe ...
Exam 2 for Review - philipdarrenjones.com
... A) It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration B) It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell C) It is very rapid over long distances D) It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentrat ...
... A) It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration B) It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell C) It is very rapid over long distances D) It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentrat ...
THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... At germination, the plant needs carbohydrates for many purposes, including building its structure. It lacks leaves, and so can’t make carbohydrates by photosynthesis. It needs to convert fatty acids from its fat stores into glucose. Similarly, some bacteria, protozoa and fungi grow on fatty acids wi ...
... At germination, the plant needs carbohydrates for many purposes, including building its structure. It lacks leaves, and so can’t make carbohydrates by photosynthesis. It needs to convert fatty acids from its fat stores into glucose. Similarly, some bacteria, protozoa and fungi grow on fatty acids wi ...
Time: 1.5 hour
... 19. Which of the following is required for conversion of 3-PGAL and dihydroxy acetone phosphate to fructose 1,6-diphosphate? (a) Hexokinase (b) Phosphatase (c) Aldolase (d) Transketolase 20. During anaerobic respiration in yeast: (a) H2O, CO2 and energy are the only end products (b) H2O, C6H12O6 and ...
... 19. Which of the following is required for conversion of 3-PGAL and dihydroxy acetone phosphate to fructose 1,6-diphosphate? (a) Hexokinase (b) Phosphatase (c) Aldolase (d) Transketolase 20. During anaerobic respiration in yeast: (a) H2O, CO2 and energy are the only end products (b) H2O, C6H12O6 and ...
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best
... C. His cells contain something that inhibits oxygen use in his mitochondria. D. His cells lack the enzyme in glycolysis that forms pyruvate. E. His cells cannot move NADH from glycolysis into the mitochondria. 18. In chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used ...
... C. His cells contain something that inhibits oxygen use in his mitochondria. D. His cells lack the enzyme in glycolysis that forms pyruvate. E. His cells cannot move NADH from glycolysis into the mitochondria. 18. In chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.