Cellular Respiration
... • The transfer of electrons during chemical reactions releases energy stored in organic molecules • This released energy is ultimately used to synthesize ATP • Chemical reactions that transfer electrons between reactants are called oxidation-reduction reactions, or redox ...
... • The transfer of electrons during chemical reactions releases energy stored in organic molecules • This released energy is ultimately used to synthesize ATP • Chemical reactions that transfer electrons between reactants are called oxidation-reduction reactions, or redox ...
Glycolysis
... • Suggested ornithine is converted to something which is converted back to ornithine with formation of urea. ...
... • Suggested ornithine is converted to something which is converted back to ornithine with formation of urea. ...
H &
... tion. Many other cells do oxidize other sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids to obtain energy, however. Certain enz)rrnescontained in such cells degradethesesubstancesto compounds that eventually enter catabolism through the central core of glucose metabolism. Figure 24.3 shows the entry points. Man ...
... tion. Many other cells do oxidize other sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids to obtain energy, however. Certain enz)rrnescontained in such cells degradethesesubstancesto compounds that eventually enter catabolism through the central core of glucose metabolism. Figure 24.3 shows the entry points. Man ...
Nutrition
... 1. Glucose catabolism is the breakdown of CHO to release energy A) It is accomplished in four steps: Glycolysis, Pre-Krebs, the Krebs cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain 2. Glycolysis – “sugar splitting” occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and does not require oxygen A) One glucose molecule is b ...
... 1. Glucose catabolism is the breakdown of CHO to release energy A) It is accomplished in four steps: Glycolysis, Pre-Krebs, the Krebs cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain 2. Glycolysis – “sugar splitting” occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and does not require oxygen A) One glucose molecule is b ...
Chapter 5 Notes
... o Non-final products formed are called _______________ o Secondary products produced along the way are called “______________” or “________________” Carbohydrate catabolism • Carbohydrates are primary source of energy o Glucose is most common energy source • Glucose is broken down via two general pr ...
... o Non-final products formed are called _______________ o Secondary products produced along the way are called “______________” or “________________” Carbohydrate catabolism • Carbohydrates are primary source of energy o Glucose is most common energy source • Glucose is broken down via two general pr ...
File
... • process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid • takes place in cytosol of cytoplasm • does not require oxygen • converts glucose, ADP, and NAD+ • to pyruvic acid, ATP, and NADH • net production of ATP: 2 ATP ...
... • process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid • takes place in cytosol of cytoplasm • does not require oxygen • converts glucose, ADP, and NAD+ • to pyruvic acid, ATP, and NADH • net production of ATP: 2 ATP ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e
... 1. In animal, AA undergo oxidative degradation in three different metabolic circumstance - The normal degradation of cellular protein - A diet is rich in protein - When carbohydrates are either unavailable, cellular proteins are used as fuel 2.AA lose their amino groups to form a-keto acid 3.a-keto ...
... 1. In animal, AA undergo oxidative degradation in three different metabolic circumstance - The normal degradation of cellular protein - A diet is rich in protein - When carbohydrates are either unavailable, cellular proteins are used as fuel 2.AA lose their amino groups to form a-keto acid 3.a-keto ...
Electron Transport Chain _ETC
... outside of the inner membrane. So, there is high H+ concentration outside the inner membrane. This causes H+ to enter into mitochondria through the channels (Fo); this proton influx causes ATP synthesis by ATP synthase. Energy yield (number of ATP generated) per molecule of glucose when it is comple ...
... outside of the inner membrane. So, there is high H+ concentration outside the inner membrane. This causes H+ to enter into mitochondria through the channels (Fo); this proton influx causes ATP synthesis by ATP synthase. Energy yield (number of ATP generated) per molecule of glucose when it is comple ...
Substrate Level Phosphorylation Substrate level phosphorylation
... •NAD+ is an e- acceptor and a proton carrier •Dehydrogenase: removes 2 hydrogen atoms from a substrate, thereby oxidizing it ...
... •NAD+ is an e- acceptor and a proton carrier •Dehydrogenase: removes 2 hydrogen atoms from a substrate, thereby oxidizing it ...
Cellular Respiration - UNT's College of Education
... Second Step: Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) Where Mitochondrial matrix Energy Yield 2 ATP and more eAcetyl-CoA (2-C) combines with 4-C to form 6-C CITRIC ACID Citric Acid (6-C) changed to 5-C then to a 4-C Gives off a CO2 molecule NAD+ and FAD pick up the released eFAD becomes FADH2 NAD+ becomes ...
... Second Step: Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) Where Mitochondrial matrix Energy Yield 2 ATP and more eAcetyl-CoA (2-C) combines with 4-C to form 6-C CITRIC ACID Citric Acid (6-C) changed to 5-C then to a 4-C Gives off a CO2 molecule NAD+ and FAD pick up the released eFAD becomes FADH2 NAD+ becomes ...
(pg 104-110) - Cellular Respiration
... Energy released by the e- is used to pump H+ from the matrix into the space between the mitochondrial membranes In chemiosmosis, the H+ ions diffuse back through the inner membrane to the matrix through ATP synthase complexes, which capture the energy to make ATP ...
... Energy released by the e- is used to pump H+ from the matrix into the space between the mitochondrial membranes In chemiosmosis, the H+ ions diffuse back through the inner membrane to the matrix through ATP synthase complexes, which capture the energy to make ATP ...
U2-D3-03 – PO and Kreb
... transfers occur. The two molecules of NADH proceed to stage 4 (electron transport and chemiosmosis) to produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. The two CO 2 molecules produced during pyruvate oxidation diffuse out of the mitochondrion and then out of the cell as a low-energy waste product. The two ...
... transfers occur. The two molecules of NADH proceed to stage 4 (electron transport and chemiosmosis) to produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. The two CO 2 molecules produced during pyruvate oxidation diffuse out of the mitochondrion and then out of the cell as a low-energy waste product. The two ...
Riveting Respiration
... that makes ATP As electrons flow down the ETC, energy is released. This energy is used to pump H+ (protons) across the membrane leaving a high concentration of H+ outside and a low ...
... that makes ATP As electrons flow down the ETC, energy is released. This energy is used to pump H+ (protons) across the membrane leaving a high concentration of H+ outside and a low ...
Chapter 9: How do cells harvest energy?
... Three terms describe the ways in which cells generate ATP A. aerobic respiration – a generally efficient process that requires O2; most, but not all, organisms can use a form of this process at least some of the time; also called cellular respiration (How is this different from breathing, and how is ...
... Three terms describe the ways in which cells generate ATP A. aerobic respiration – a generally efficient process that requires O2; most, but not all, organisms can use a form of this process at least some of the time; also called cellular respiration (How is this different from breathing, and how is ...
A. biotin
... increased mobilization of fatty acids from the adipose tissue. increased gluconeogenesis from amino acids. enhanced production of beta-hydroxy butyrate. increased activity of hormone sensitive lipase in adipose tissue. ...
... increased mobilization of fatty acids from the adipose tissue. increased gluconeogenesis from amino acids. enhanced production of beta-hydroxy butyrate. increased activity of hormone sensitive lipase in adipose tissue. ...
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration
... electron transport chain, the released energy is used to drive the movement of H+ into the intermembrane space H+ then moves down its concentration gradient through ATP synthase ADP is converted to ATP by ATP synthase ...
... electron transport chain, the released energy is used to drive the movement of H+ into the intermembrane space H+ then moves down its concentration gradient through ATP synthase ADP is converted to ATP by ATP synthase ...
No Slide Title
... • Small amounts of energy released as substances are passed along inner membrane • Energy used to pump H+ ions from matrix into space between inner & outer membrane • High concentration of H+ is maintained outside of inner membrane • ATP synthesis occurs as H+ diffuses through a special H+ channel i ...
... • Small amounts of energy released as substances are passed along inner membrane • Energy used to pump H+ ions from matrix into space between inner & outer membrane • High concentration of H+ is maintained outside of inner membrane • ATP synthesis occurs as H+ diffuses through a special H+ channel i ...
Cellular Respiration
... • The cell has a rich reservoir of e-s associated with hydrogen, especially in carbohydrates and fats • However, these fuels don’t spontaneously combine with O2 because they lack the activation E • Enzymes lower the barrier of activation E, allowing these fuels to be oxidized slowly • The “fall” of ...
... • The cell has a rich reservoir of e-s associated with hydrogen, especially in carbohydrates and fats • However, these fuels don’t spontaneously combine with O2 because they lack the activation E • Enzymes lower the barrier of activation E, allowing these fuels to be oxidized slowly • The “fall” of ...
Cellular Respiration
... • The cell has a rich reservoir of e-s associated with hydrogen, especially in carbohydrates and fats • However, these fuels don’t spontaneously combine with O2 because they lack the activation E • Enzymes lower the barrier of activation E, allowing these fuels to be oxidized slowly • The “fall” of ...
... • The cell has a rich reservoir of e-s associated with hydrogen, especially in carbohydrates and fats • However, these fuels don’t spontaneously combine with O2 because they lack the activation E • Enzymes lower the barrier of activation E, allowing these fuels to be oxidized slowly • The “fall” of ...
14) Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for
... C) It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration D) It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration E) It requires integral proteins in the cell membrane ...
... C) It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration D) It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration E) It requires integral proteins in the cell membrane ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.