Sol: A process of physio
... rate of the pathway and the energy output according to the need of the cell. c) The same pathway may be utilized for forming intermediates used in the synthesis of other bimolecular like amino acids. ...
... rate of the pathway and the energy output according to the need of the cell. c) The same pathway may be utilized for forming intermediates used in the synthesis of other bimolecular like amino acids. ...
Key area 2 * Cellular respiration
... The chemistry of respiration By the end of this topic you should be able to: • Describe glycolysis • Describe the progression of respiration pathways, in the presence and absence of oxygen ...
... The chemistry of respiration By the end of this topic you should be able to: • Describe glycolysis • Describe the progression of respiration pathways, in the presence and absence of oxygen ...
Glycolysis II
... How to do this? • LDH gene was duplicated and the two sister genes underwent separate evolution to become H (heart) type and M (muscle) types • LDH enzyme is a tetramer that can be made up of some mixture of both H and M types. Combinatorial math gives us 5 different combos: M4H0, M3H1, M2H2, H3M1, ...
... How to do this? • LDH gene was duplicated and the two sister genes underwent separate evolution to become H (heart) type and M (muscle) types • LDH enzyme is a tetramer that can be made up of some mixture of both H and M types. Combinatorial math gives us 5 different combos: M4H0, M3H1, M2H2, H3M1, ...
2 ATP - HONORS BIOLOGY
... Respiration = to breathe Breathing at the cellular level Purpose: to generate ATP for cellular work by transferring the energy trapped in food molecules HOW: Food molecules are broken down and the energy released as energyized electrons is captured and transferred to make ATP Uses Hydrogen Acceptors ...
... Respiration = to breathe Breathing at the cellular level Purpose: to generate ATP for cellular work by transferring the energy trapped in food molecules HOW: Food molecules are broken down and the energy released as energyized electrons is captured and transferred to make ATP Uses Hydrogen Acceptors ...
Review Questions for Respiration
... this area by the electron transport chain. • pH of this area decreases. ...
... this area by the electron transport chain. • pH of this area decreases. ...
Biology Chp 7 Notes
... b. Electron Transport Chain (Chemiosmosis): NADH is used to make ATP 4. Prokaryotes carry out the reactions in the Cytosol 5. Eukaryotes carry them out in the “Mitochondria” a. The Pyruvic Acid diffuses into the mitochondrial matrix b. Mitochondrial Matrix: area inside the inner membrane of the mito ...
... b. Electron Transport Chain (Chemiosmosis): NADH is used to make ATP 4. Prokaryotes carry out the reactions in the Cytosol 5. Eukaryotes carry them out in the “Mitochondria” a. The Pyruvic Acid diffuses into the mitochondrial matrix b. Mitochondrial Matrix: area inside the inner membrane of the mito ...
Answer Key 2 - UC Davis Plant Sciences
... Heptanoic acid is an odd-numbered fatty acid, which is degraded by β-oxidation into acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA. Unlike acetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA can be converted to oxaloacetate (OAA), which is a precursor in gluconeogenesis and carbohydrate synthesis. Thus, rats fed with heptanoic acid appear to ...
... Heptanoic acid is an odd-numbered fatty acid, which is degraded by β-oxidation into acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA. Unlike acetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA can be converted to oxaloacetate (OAA), which is a precursor in gluconeogenesis and carbohydrate synthesis. Thus, rats fed with heptanoic acid appear to ...
lec33_F2015
... ii) Pyruvate can be converted to alanine in a one-step transaminase reaction. iii) Pyruvate can be used to make oxaloacetate, to replace the carbons that are removed from the citric acid cycle by anabolic processes (this reaction is the first step in gluconeogenesis). Cooperation between muscle and ...
... ii) Pyruvate can be converted to alanine in a one-step transaminase reaction. iii) Pyruvate can be used to make oxaloacetate, to replace the carbons that are removed from the citric acid cycle by anabolic processes (this reaction is the first step in gluconeogenesis). Cooperation between muscle and ...
BioH_Cellular Respiration
... Each protein in the chain has a higher attraction for electrons than the one before it, causing electrons to be pulled “down” the chain. The last protein of the chain passes its electrons to oxygen, which also picks up a pair of H+ from the surroundings to form water (oxygen is the “final electron a ...
... Each protein in the chain has a higher attraction for electrons than the one before it, causing electrons to be pulled “down” the chain. The last protein of the chain passes its electrons to oxygen, which also picks up a pair of H+ from the surroundings to form water (oxygen is the “final electron a ...
Bio102 Problems
... D. is released as CO2. E. is covalently attached to a co-enzyme. 4. How many carbon atoms are present in one molecule of Acetyl-CoA? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 0 5. Food molecules that are more reduced contain more usable energy because they A. can be used to reduce more coenzymes. B. move more easily t ...
... D. is released as CO2. E. is covalently attached to a co-enzyme. 4. How many carbon atoms are present in one molecule of Acetyl-CoA? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 0 5. Food molecules that are more reduced contain more usable energy because they A. can be used to reduce more coenzymes. B. move more easily t ...
Name Answer Key Date Period 3.7 Cell Respiration 1. Define cell
... phosphorylation to produces a large amount of ATP (36). Anaerobic pathways do not require oxygen, produce lactic acid/lactate through lactic acid fermentation, produces ethanol through alcoholic fermentation, occurs only in the cytoplasm of the cell, and produces a small amount of ATP (2) Process Ae ...
... phosphorylation to produces a large amount of ATP (36). Anaerobic pathways do not require oxygen, produce lactic acid/lactate through lactic acid fermentation, produces ethanol through alcoholic fermentation, occurs only in the cytoplasm of the cell, and produces a small amount of ATP (2) Process Ae ...
Gluconeogenesis
... are converted to glucose. Fasting requires all the glucose to be synthesized from these non-carbohydrate precursors. Most precursors must enter the Krebs cycle at some point to be converted to oxaloacetate. ...
... are converted to glucose. Fasting requires all the glucose to be synthesized from these non-carbohydrate precursors. Most precursors must enter the Krebs cycle at some point to be converted to oxaloacetate. ...
Nobel Prizes 1907 Eduard Buchner, cell
... groups),(Lipoateelectron,acyl carriers, swings between three different active sites of the PDComplex),TPP,FAD,NAD+);3 enz(E1: PDH, E2: Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, E3: Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase)|Pathway:8 steps:1.A-CoAcitrate( Hydrolysis of the thioester bondmuch energy;citrate synthase confor ...
... groups),(Lipoateelectron,acyl carriers, swings between three different active sites of the PDComplex),TPP,FAD,NAD+);3 enz(E1: PDH, E2: Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, E3: Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase)|Pathway:8 steps:1.A-CoAcitrate( Hydrolysis of the thioester bondmuch energy;citrate synthase confor ...
Chapter 9 Presentation
... • Cellular respiration is the process of oxidizing food molecules into CO2 and H2O. • Glucose, C6H12O6, is a common “food” used in the equation for cellular respiration, but all of the food you eat gets converted into compounds that can be funneled into cellular respiration. ...
... • Cellular respiration is the process of oxidizing food molecules into CO2 and H2O. • Glucose, C6H12O6, is a common “food” used in the equation for cellular respiration, but all of the food you eat gets converted into compounds that can be funneled into cellular respiration. ...
Ads by Google
... process. In glycolysis, glucose is the fuel molecule being oxidized. As the glucose is oxidized by the glycolytic enzymes, the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is converted from its oxidized to reduced form (NAD+ to NADH). When oxygen is available (aerobic conditions), mitochondria ...
... process. In glycolysis, glucose is the fuel molecule being oxidized. As the glucose is oxidized by the glycolytic enzymes, the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is converted from its oxidized to reduced form (NAD+ to NADH). When oxygen is available (aerobic conditions), mitochondria ...
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
... CO2 into organic acids during the night B. fix CO2 into pyruvate in the mesophyll cell C. fix CO2 into sugars in the bundle-sheath cells D. use the enzyme phosphofructokinase, which outcompetes rubisco for CO2 ...
... CO2 into organic acids during the night B. fix CO2 into pyruvate in the mesophyll cell C. fix CO2 into sugars in the bundle-sheath cells D. use the enzyme phosphofructokinase, which outcompetes rubisco for CO2 ...
document
... Amino acids that are degraded to pyruvate, a-ketoglutarate, succinyl CoA, fumarate, or oxaloacetate are termed glucogenic amino acids. The net synthesis of glucose from these amino acids is feasible, because these citric acid cycle intermediates and pyruvate can be converted into phosphoenolpyruvate ...
... Amino acids that are degraded to pyruvate, a-ketoglutarate, succinyl CoA, fumarate, or oxaloacetate are termed glucogenic amino acids. The net synthesis of glucose from these amino acids is feasible, because these citric acid cycle intermediates and pyruvate can be converted into phosphoenolpyruvate ...
(DOCX, Unknown)
... A. the cristae membrane 20. Electron Transport Chain A B. Cytoplasm 21. Krebs cycle C C. Inner matrix of mitochondria 22. Which is true of aerobic respiration but not true of anaerobic respiration? A. CO2 is produced B. ATP is produced C. Water is produced D. Alcohol is produced E. Pyruvate is produ ...
... A. the cristae membrane 20. Electron Transport Chain A B. Cytoplasm 21. Krebs cycle C C. Inner matrix of mitochondria 22. Which is true of aerobic respiration but not true of anaerobic respiration? A. CO2 is produced B. ATP is produced C. Water is produced D. Alcohol is produced E. Pyruvate is produ ...
21. Which of the electron carriers in the electron transport
... e) * in a), b) and c) but not d) 28. The major production of ATP during aerobic metabolism occurs when electrons from __________ and _____________ are transferred to _______________. a) b) c) d) e) ...
... e) * in a), b) and c) but not d) 28. The major production of ATP during aerobic metabolism occurs when electrons from __________ and _____________ are transferred to _______________. a) b) c) d) e) ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.