Review Questions
... _____6. More free energy is released during the citric acid cycle than during glycolysis, but only 1 mole of ATP is ...
... _____6. More free energy is released during the citric acid cycle than during glycolysis, but only 1 mole of ATP is ...
BIOL 1301 Module 3 - Metabolism – Learning Outcomes Chapters: 6
... Describe factors that affect enzyme activity (local conditions, inhibitors, allosteric regulation) and relate them to regulation of metabolic processes. Illustrate the interplay of cellular respiration and photosynthesis in plants and relate this to energy flow through autotrophs and heterotrophs at ...
... Describe factors that affect enzyme activity (local conditions, inhibitors, allosteric regulation) and relate them to regulation of metabolic processes. Illustrate the interplay of cellular respiration and photosynthesis in plants and relate this to energy flow through autotrophs and heterotrophs at ...
Lecture 7
... b The second stage, the Krebs cycle and a few steps before it, occurs inside mitochondria. The 2 pyruvates are broken down to CO2, which leaves the cell. During the reactions, 8 NAD+ and 2 FAD pick up electrons and hydrogen atoms, so 8 NADH and 2 FADH2 form. 2 ATP also form. c The third and final st ...
... b The second stage, the Krebs cycle and a few steps before it, occurs inside mitochondria. The 2 pyruvates are broken down to CO2, which leaves the cell. During the reactions, 8 NAD+ and 2 FAD pick up electrons and hydrogen atoms, so 8 NADH and 2 FADH2 form. 2 ATP also form. c The third and final st ...
Enzymes & Energy
... phosphate group is shifted in the conversion of 3phosphoglycerate to 2phosphoglycerate. Phosphoenolpyruvic acid is created by the dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate. This enol phosphate has a high phosphate transfer ...
... phosphate group is shifted in the conversion of 3phosphoglycerate to 2phosphoglycerate. Phosphoenolpyruvic acid is created by the dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate. This enol phosphate has a high phosphate transfer ...
Mock Exam 2 BY 123 - Cusic Supplemental Instruction
... 32. _____________ is used in to create ATP by the high H+ concentration in the __________ and the low H+ concentration in _____________ in animal cells. ____________ Is used in to create ATP by the high H+ concentration in the __________ and the low H+ concentration in _____________ in plant cells. ...
... 32. _____________ is used in to create ATP by the high H+ concentration in the __________ and the low H+ concentration in _____________ in animal cells. ____________ Is used in to create ATP by the high H+ concentration in the __________ and the low H+ concentration in _____________ in plant cells. ...
The Citric Acid Cycle Is a Source of Biosynthetic Precursors
... and porphyrins. Thus, compounds such as pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, and oxaloacetate were likely present early in evolution for biosynthetic purposes. The oxidative decarboxylation of these α-ketoacids is quite favorable thermodynamically. The elegant modular structures of the pyruvate and αketogluta ...
... and porphyrins. Thus, compounds such as pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, and oxaloacetate were likely present early in evolution for biosynthetic purposes. The oxidative decarboxylation of these α-ketoacids is quite favorable thermodynamically. The elegant modular structures of the pyruvate and αketogluta ...
1 - TechnionMed
... b. This enzyme is inhibited by ATP, citrate and fructose-2,6-biphosphate c. This enzyme catalyzes a fully reversible reaction under physiological conditions. d. No statement above is accurate. ...
... b. This enzyme is inhibited by ATP, citrate and fructose-2,6-biphosphate c. This enzyme catalyzes a fully reversible reaction under physiological conditions. d. No statement above is accurate. ...
Ch9CellularRespiration
... • The names of the intermediate compounds in gylcolysis and the Krebs cycle are not required. Applications and skills: • Application: Electron tomography used to produce images of active mitochondria. • Skill: Analysis of diagrams of the pathways of aerobic respiration to deduce where decarboxylatio ...
... • The names of the intermediate compounds in gylcolysis and the Krebs cycle are not required. Applications and skills: • Application: Electron tomography used to produce images of active mitochondria. • Skill: Analysis of diagrams of the pathways of aerobic respiration to deduce where decarboxylatio ...
Chapter 7 Harvesting Energy Slides
... • 6 carbon molecule broken into two 3 carbon molecules • Glucose has to be activated. This uses up 2 ATP molecules, but kick-starts the whole thing off. • 4 ATPs are made during glycolysis, so a net gain of 2 ATPs ...
... • 6 carbon molecule broken into two 3 carbon molecules • Glucose has to be activated. This uses up 2 ATP molecules, but kick-starts the whole thing off. • 4 ATPs are made during glycolysis, so a net gain of 2 ATPs ...
Nutrition and metabolism
... • When glucose levels are very low the liver can synthesize glucose – Amino acids + glycerol to produce glucose – Prevents hypoglycemia ...
... • When glucose levels are very low the liver can synthesize glucose – Amino acids + glycerol to produce glucose – Prevents hypoglycemia ...
Fatty Acid Catabolism - Chemistry Courses: About
... exercise. Give a biochemical explanation for the muscle cramping, and explain why cramping increases during fasting and exercise. ...
... exercise. Give a biochemical explanation for the muscle cramping, and explain why cramping increases during fasting and exercise. ...
(TCA) cycle
... (1) In most bacteria, it is NADP+ dependent. (2) Two separate enzymes are found in eukaryotes using NADP+ and NAD+. 2-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (1) 2-ketoglutarate + CoA-SH + NAD+ succinyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+ (2) catalyzes an irreversible reaction and another oxidative decarboxylatio ...
... (1) In most bacteria, it is NADP+ dependent. (2) Two separate enzymes are found in eukaryotes using NADP+ and NAD+. 2-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (1) 2-ketoglutarate + CoA-SH + NAD+ succinyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+ (2) catalyzes an irreversible reaction and another oxidative decarboxylatio ...
METABOLISM BACTERIAL METABOLISM
... Oxidation-reduction reactions • Oxidation is the removal of electrons. • Reduction is the gain of electrons. • Redox reaction is an oxidation reaction paired with a reduction reaction. ...
... Oxidation-reduction reactions • Oxidation is the removal of electrons. • Reduction is the gain of electrons. • Redox reaction is an oxidation reaction paired with a reduction reaction. ...
1) Which of the following statements describes the results of this
... C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy A) C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced. B) O2 is oxidized and H2O is reduced. C) CO2 is reduced and O2 is oxidized. D) C6H12O6is reduced and CO2 is oxidized. E) O2 is reduced and CO2 is oxidized. Answer: A ...
... C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy A) C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced. B) O2 is oxidized and H2O is reduced. C) CO2 is reduced and O2 is oxidized. D) C6H12O6is reduced and CO2 is oxidized. E) O2 is reduced and CO2 is oxidized. Answer: A ...
Exam Review 2 10/2/16
... 4. What happens to the electrons as they move from Photosystem II to Photosystem I? A. Gains energy along the way. B. Energy stays the same. C. Loses energy, this is why a 2nd input of light is needed in Photosystem I. D. Electrons move from Photosystem I to Photosystem II and lose energy along the ...
... 4. What happens to the electrons as they move from Photosystem II to Photosystem I? A. Gains energy along the way. B. Energy stays the same. C. Loses energy, this is why a 2nd input of light is needed in Photosystem I. D. Electrons move from Photosystem I to Photosystem II and lose energy along the ...
Practice Exam I
... have a pH value above 7 release hydroxide ions increase the number of water molecules both a and b are correct ...
... have a pH value above 7 release hydroxide ions increase the number of water molecules both a and b are correct ...
Ch16
... is inhibited, the CAC slows or stops. Why? This is easy to think about, without electron transport taking electrons from NADH and FADH2 the concentration of these cofactors increases with the decrease of NAD+ and FAD (without which the CAC cannot function). High [NADH] inhibits reactions leading int ...
... is inhibited, the CAC slows or stops. Why? This is easy to think about, without electron transport taking electrons from NADH and FADH2 the concentration of these cofactors increases with the decrease of NAD+ and FAD (without which the CAC cannot function). High [NADH] inhibits reactions leading int ...
cellular respiration quiz review guide
... What is the first step of the Krebs cycle? (hint: what has to happen to the pyruvic acid BEFORE it enters the Krebs Cycle) Briefly summarize the steps of the Krebs cycle (be able to fill in various blanks of the Krebs Cycle for the quiz) What is another name for the Krebs Cycle? Why is it also known ...
... What is the first step of the Krebs cycle? (hint: what has to happen to the pyruvic acid BEFORE it enters the Krebs Cycle) Briefly summarize the steps of the Krebs cycle (be able to fill in various blanks of the Krebs Cycle for the quiz) What is another name for the Krebs Cycle? Why is it also known ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Before food can be used to perform work, its energy must be released through the process of respiration. • Two main types of respiration exist in living things. Both begin with glycolysis. Glycolysis: a process by which one glucose molecule is broken down into two pyruvic acid molecules. Ferme ...
... • Before food can be used to perform work, its energy must be released through the process of respiration. • Two main types of respiration exist in living things. Both begin with glycolysis. Glycolysis: a process by which one glucose molecule is broken down into two pyruvic acid molecules. Ferme ...
Name - Northern Highlands
... a. break down glucose. d. oxidize water. b. make NADH and FADH2. e. manufacture water. c. pump H+ through the membrane, generating a gradient. 10. A chemist has discovered a drug that blocks an enzyme that catalyzes the second reaction in glycolysis. He thought he could use the drug to kill bacteria ...
... a. break down glucose. d. oxidize water. b. make NADH and FADH2. e. manufacture water. c. pump H+ through the membrane, generating a gradient. 10. A chemist has discovered a drug that blocks an enzyme that catalyzes the second reaction in glycolysis. He thought he could use the drug to kill bacteria ...
answer key
... which is the electron acceptor when glucose is degraded by a balanced glycolytic fermentation: (a) in muscle and (b) in yeast? Indicate what happens to the donor and acceptor in each case. (VV p. 482 Problem 5) (a) The electron donor is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate whose aldehyde group becomes oxidize ...
... which is the electron acceptor when glucose is degraded by a balanced glycolytic fermentation: (a) in muscle and (b) in yeast? Indicate what happens to the donor and acceptor in each case. (VV p. 482 Problem 5) (a) The electron donor is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate whose aldehyde group becomes oxidize ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... • Produces second CO2 and NADH of citric acid cycle, by another oxidative decarboxylation step but this time removing the carboxy group a- to C=O • The substantial energy released upon oxidation of C1 carbon from ketone to a carboxylic acid derivative, is stored as: (1) a reduced NADH (2) a ‘high en ...
... • Produces second CO2 and NADH of citric acid cycle, by another oxidative decarboxylation step but this time removing the carboxy group a- to C=O • The substantial energy released upon oxidation of C1 carbon from ketone to a carboxylic acid derivative, is stored as: (1) a reduced NADH (2) a ‘high en ...
Starr/Taggart PowerPoint
... Phosphate-level phosphorylation produces ATP Oxaloacetate is regenerated Carbon dioxide is released ...
... Phosphate-level phosphorylation produces ATP Oxaloacetate is regenerated Carbon dioxide is released ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.