Outline
... B) As the cycle moves around, citric acid is rearranged to produce different intermediate molecules called C) At the end of the cycle, the resulting molecule is oxaloacetic acid which is now available to attach to another acetyl CoA D) For each turn of the cycle: 1) two C atoms are removed from the ...
... B) As the cycle moves around, citric acid is rearranged to produce different intermediate molecules called C) At the end of the cycle, the resulting molecule is oxaloacetic acid which is now available to attach to another acetyl CoA D) For each turn of the cycle: 1) two C atoms are removed from the ...
Mass-Action Ratios!
... releasing the "pressure" that concentration changes (causing ratios that are shifted from equilibrium) bring. ...
... releasing the "pressure" that concentration changes (causing ratios that are shifted from equilibrium) bring. ...
cell resp
... the protein ATPsynthase E) all of the above 33. 33 Proteins and fats can be nutritional sources of energy provided that A) they are converted into glucose B) the enter their own pathways that are separate from the glucose metabolic pathways C) they are degraded completely into atoms before entering ...
... the protein ATPsynthase E) all of the above 33. 33 Proteins and fats can be nutritional sources of energy provided that A) they are converted into glucose B) the enter their own pathways that are separate from the glucose metabolic pathways C) they are degraded completely into atoms before entering ...
respiration - SchoolRack
... “sugar splitting” Believed to be ancient (early prokaryotes - no O2 available) Occurs in cytosol Partially oxidizes glucose (6C) to 2 pyruvates (3C) ...
... “sugar splitting” Believed to be ancient (early prokaryotes - no O2 available) Occurs in cytosol Partially oxidizes glucose (6C) to 2 pyruvates (3C) ...
Study Guide for Chapter 5 in Fox
... Define: metabolism, catabolism, & anabolism Glucose is catabolized in 3 stages. Name these. What does “glycolysis” mean? Where in the cell does this process occur? What happens to glucose immediately as it enters a cell? Glucose could be stored in a cell as a molecule of ____________ In what 2 tissu ...
... Define: metabolism, catabolism, & anabolism Glucose is catabolized in 3 stages. Name these. What does “glycolysis” mean? Where in the cell does this process occur? What happens to glucose immediately as it enters a cell? Glucose could be stored in a cell as a molecule of ____________ In what 2 tissu ...
Bioenergetics - people.emich.edu
... • Cell membrane – semi-permeable – encloses internal components of cell – regulates flux of metabolites and nutrients • Nucleus – contains genetic material (DNA) – regulates protein production • Cytoplasm – fluid portion of the cell which contains organelles, enzymes etc. ...
... • Cell membrane – semi-permeable – encloses internal components of cell – regulates flux of metabolites and nutrients • Nucleus – contains genetic material (DNA) – regulates protein production • Cytoplasm – fluid portion of the cell which contains organelles, enzymes etc. ...
- Free Documents
... enzyme glycogen synthase. UDP is release in the process and it reacts with ATP to produce UTP, which combines with another glucosephosphate. The formation of glycosidic linkages is accomplished by a branching enzyme, which transfers a segment about seven residues in length from the end of a growing ...
... enzyme glycogen synthase. UDP is release in the process and it reacts with ATP to produce UTP, which combines with another glucosephosphate. The formation of glycosidic linkages is accomplished by a branching enzyme, which transfers a segment about seven residues in length from the end of a growing ...
Energy and Respiration
... 4 carbon compound to make a 6 carbon compound. A series of steps now transfer the 6C (citrate) back to the 4C (oxaloacetate) These steps include more decarboxylation and dehydrogenation ...
... 4 carbon compound to make a 6 carbon compound. A series of steps now transfer the 6C (citrate) back to the 4C (oxaloacetate) These steps include more decarboxylation and dehydrogenation ...
Krebs cycle - biology.org.uk
... joins with oxaloacetate, a four-carbon compound, to form citrate, a six-carbon compound 2 Citrate is decarboxylated (one molecule of CO 2 removed) and dehydrogenated (two hydrogen atoms removed) to form a five-carbon compound; and the hydrogen atoms are accepted by an NAD molecule, which gets reduce ...
... joins with oxaloacetate, a four-carbon compound, to form citrate, a six-carbon compound 2 Citrate is decarboxylated (one molecule of CO 2 removed) and dehydrogenated (two hydrogen atoms removed) to form a five-carbon compound; and the hydrogen atoms are accepted by an NAD molecule, which gets reduce ...
Microbial Metabolism
... Energy now in the form of a proton gradient which can do work. Electrons combine with oxygen to produce water, take e- away. ...
... Energy now in the form of a proton gradient which can do work. Electrons combine with oxygen to produce water, take e- away. ...
use cellular respiration
... prokaryotes probably used glycolysis to make ATP before oxygen was present • Earliest fossil bacteria present 3.5 billion years ago but large amounts of oxygen not present until 2.7 billion years ago • Glycolysis happens in cytoplasm without membrane bound organelles suggests it was found in early p ...
... prokaryotes probably used glycolysis to make ATP before oxygen was present • Earliest fossil bacteria present 3.5 billion years ago but large amounts of oxygen not present until 2.7 billion years ago • Glycolysis happens in cytoplasm without membrane bound organelles suggests it was found in early p ...
Cell Resp. Study Guide
... 28. What is the role of the electron transport chain in forming the H+ gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane? ...
... 28. What is the role of the electron transport chain in forming the H+ gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane? ...
Anaerobic and Aerobic Glycolysis
... energy is required in the absence of oxygen. It is vital for tissues with high energy requirements, insufficient oxygen supply or absence of oxidative enzymes. Glycolysis produces reduced forms of NAD in the energy generation phase. In an anaerobic environment, lactate dehydrogenase converts pyruvat ...
... energy is required in the absence of oxygen. It is vital for tissues with high energy requirements, insufficient oxygen supply or absence of oxidative enzymes. Glycolysis produces reduced forms of NAD in the energy generation phase. In an anaerobic environment, lactate dehydrogenase converts pyruvat ...
Cellular energy jeopardy review
... The number of times that CO2 goes through the Calvin Cycle to produce 1 ...
... The number of times that CO2 goes through the Calvin Cycle to produce 1 ...
Chapter 5 Active Lecture Questions
... a. the oxidation of pyruvic acid b. the way cells produce CO2 c. a series of chemical reactions in which NADH is produced from the oxidation of pyruvic acid d. a method of producing ATP by phosphorylating ADP e. a series of chemical reactions in which ATP is produced from the oxidation of pyruvic ac ...
... a. the oxidation of pyruvic acid b. the way cells produce CO2 c. a series of chemical reactions in which NADH is produced from the oxidation of pyruvic acid d. a method of producing ATP by phosphorylating ADP e. a series of chemical reactions in which ATP is produced from the oxidation of pyruvic ac ...
Cellular respiration - how cells make energy Oxygen is needed for
... At each step in the chain, a little energy is released that can be used by the cell. Oxygen is what ultimately pulls on these electrons and powers the chain. If all the energy were released at once, it would be explosive. NADH is recycled. So how do we actually go from sugar to ATP? Three main steps ...
... At each step in the chain, a little energy is released that can be used by the cell. Oxygen is what ultimately pulls on these electrons and powers the chain. If all the energy were released at once, it would be explosive. NADH is recycled. So how do we actually go from sugar to ATP? Three main steps ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle
... The Point is to Make ATP! AP Biology ...
... The Point is to Make ATP! AP Biology ...
Energy Production
... Sources of energy: carbohydrate, fat, protein, minerals. Most microorganisms oxidize carbohydrates as the major source of cellular energy Energy can also be derived from the oxidation of fats, proteins, and minerals. ...
... Sources of energy: carbohydrate, fat, protein, minerals. Most microorganisms oxidize carbohydrates as the major source of cellular energy Energy can also be derived from the oxidation of fats, proteins, and minerals. ...
24.t Glycolysis
... The enzSrmeuses NAD+ as a cofactor. The NAD+ is reduced to NADH-it receives two electrons and a proton from the aldehyde substrate-in the course of the reaction.The new phosphoryl group of the organic product comes from inorganic phosphate ions present in the cytoplasm, so no ATP is expended here. I ...
... The enzSrmeuses NAD+ as a cofactor. The NAD+ is reduced to NADH-it receives two electrons and a proton from the aldehyde substrate-in the course of the reaction.The new phosphoryl group of the organic product comes from inorganic phosphate ions present in the cytoplasm, so no ATP is expended here. I ...
Cellular Respiration Powerpoint1
... Occurs in the muscle cells of animals One way in which NADH is converted back to NAD+ Lactic acid and NAD⁺ are produced Occurs when we exercise, and our body has used up all of the ATP. Our muscles start burning and are sore after exercising. It also causes muscle fatigue. Pyruvic Acid + NADH—>Lacti ...
... Occurs in the muscle cells of animals One way in which NADH is converted back to NAD+ Lactic acid and NAD⁺ are produced Occurs when we exercise, and our body has used up all of the ATP. Our muscles start burning and are sore after exercising. It also causes muscle fatigue. Pyruvic Acid + NADH—>Lacti ...
Essential amino acids
... III. The metabolism of α-ketoacid Biosynthesis of nonessential amino acids TCA cycle member + amino acid α-keto acid + nonessential ...
... III. The metabolism of α-ketoacid Biosynthesis of nonessential amino acids TCA cycle member + amino acid α-keto acid + nonessential ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... metabolized to lactate or to CO2 and alcohol (it is species specific)…result can be net gain of only 2 ATP per molecule verses 32 – 34 under normal cycle just described ...
... metabolized to lactate or to CO2 and alcohol (it is species specific)…result can be net gain of only 2 ATP per molecule verses 32 – 34 under normal cycle just described ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.