Cellular Respiration: Glycolysis
... in 1 mol glucose into ATP during glycolysis alone ● Some energy is released as heat but most is trapped in 2 pyruvate and 2 NADH ● Earliest form of energy metabolism ● All organisms carry out glycolysis as either their only source of ATP or as the 1st part of a more elaborate and productive energy y ...
... in 1 mol glucose into ATP during glycolysis alone ● Some energy is released as heat but most is trapped in 2 pyruvate and 2 NADH ● Earliest form of energy metabolism ● All organisms carry out glycolysis as either their only source of ATP or as the 1st part of a more elaborate and productive energy y ...
Name: Cellular Respiration Study Guide Helpful Hints!! 1. The
... The ETC needs electrons to be transported by NADH and FADH 5. Explain the functions of electrons, hydrogen ions, and oxygen in the ETC. Electrons are passed down the ETC, hydrogen ions are pumped up the concentration gradient and then flow down the gradient to create the energy needed to put one mor ...
... The ETC needs electrons to be transported by NADH and FADH 5. Explain the functions of electrons, hydrogen ions, and oxygen in the ETC. Electrons are passed down the ETC, hydrogen ions are pumped up the concentration gradient and then flow down the gradient to create the energy needed to put one mor ...
23.1 The Citric Acid Cycle
... Karen C. Timberlake General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake ...
... Karen C. Timberlake General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake ...
Chapter Outline
... 2. As a metabolite is oxidized, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) accepts two electrons and a hydrogen ion (H+); this results in NADH. 3. Electrons received by NAD+ and FAD are high-energy electrons and are usually carried to the electron transport chain. 4. NAD+ is a coenzyme of oxidation-re ...
... 2. As a metabolite is oxidized, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) accepts two electrons and a hydrogen ion (H+); this results in NADH. 3. Electrons received by NAD+ and FAD are high-energy electrons and are usually carried to the electron transport chain. 4. NAD+ is a coenzyme of oxidation-re ...
050907
... • When the hormone vasopressin stimulates cleavage of phosphatidylinositol 4,5bisphosphate by hormone-sensitive phospholipase C, two products are formed. What are they? Solubility? ...
... • When the hormone vasopressin stimulates cleavage of phosphatidylinositol 4,5bisphosphate by hormone-sensitive phospholipase C, two products are formed. What are they? Solubility? ...
SI Worksheet 7
... 7. Stacks of thylakoids form ______________ 8. ____________ is the pigment molecule found in chloroplast 9. Photosynthesis occurs in the plant organelle known as the _____________ ...
... 7. Stacks of thylakoids form ______________ 8. ____________ is the pigment molecule found in chloroplast 9. Photosynthesis occurs in the plant organelle known as the _____________ ...
Essential Cell Biology FOURTH EDITION
... thioester bond formed between Cys of enzyme and substrate -electrons transferred from substrate to NAD+ -high energy Pi bond replaces high energy thioester bond linking substrate to enzyme ...
... thioester bond formed between Cys of enzyme and substrate -electrons transferred from substrate to NAD+ -high energy Pi bond replaces high energy thioester bond linking substrate to enzyme ...
Pertubation of metabolism in IDD Q3-5 Joe - PBL-J-2015
... This is initiated when excess supply of fatty acids triggers the activation and increase in the Carnitine transport mechanism that is responsible for transporting fatty acids to the mitochondria. As a result, large amounts of acetyl-CoA are produced due to the the β-oxidation reaction. These large a ...
... This is initiated when excess supply of fatty acids triggers the activation and increase in the Carnitine transport mechanism that is responsible for transporting fatty acids to the mitochondria. As a result, large amounts of acetyl-CoA are produced due to the the β-oxidation reaction. These large a ...
ATP and Sources of Energy
... Energy is created by using energy released from other chemical reactions to bond a phosphate group to ADP...making ATP. ...
... Energy is created by using energy released from other chemical reactions to bond a phosphate group to ADP...making ATP. ...
Week 2
... • The ETC is a series of redox reactions whose function it is to accept electrons from the NADH and FADH from glycolysis and the TCA (thus oxidizing and restoring them) and transfer those electrons to an acceptor (reducing it) • The ultimate acceptor is oxygen, which becomes reduced to water (H2O). ...
... • The ETC is a series of redox reactions whose function it is to accept electrons from the NADH and FADH from glycolysis and the TCA (thus oxidizing and restoring them) and transfer those electrons to an acceptor (reducing it) • The ultimate acceptor is oxygen, which becomes reduced to water (H2O). ...
BIOLOGY 311C - Brand Spring 2009
... d. Acetyl CoA. 35. Which one of the following is the least true of RUBISCO as it occurs in green plants? a. It is an oligomeric protein consisting of two kinds of monomeric polypeptide chains. b. It is a highly efficient enzyme for CO2 fixation. c. It catalyzes a reaction of O2 with a C5 molecule. d ...
... d. Acetyl CoA. 35. Which one of the following is the least true of RUBISCO as it occurs in green plants? a. It is an oligomeric protein consisting of two kinds of monomeric polypeptide chains. b. It is a highly efficient enzyme for CO2 fixation. c. It catalyzes a reaction of O2 with a C5 molecule. d ...
CH9 Sec 3: Cellular Respiration Glycolysis • Before you can use
... Cells release energy most efficiently when oxygen is present because they make most of their ATP during aerobic respiration. ...
... Cells release energy most efficiently when oxygen is present because they make most of their ATP during aerobic respiration. ...
Biology Section 2 Molecules of Life Carbohydrates Carbohydrates
... o Polypeptides- long string of amino acids o Protein shape influenced by bonding, solvent, temperature Enzymes o Enzymes- RNA or protein catalysts o Physical fit between enzyme and substrate (substance being catalyzed) o Active site- folds o Slight change in shape weakens chemical bonds o Enzymes ...
... o Polypeptides- long string of amino acids o Protein shape influenced by bonding, solvent, temperature Enzymes o Enzymes- RNA or protein catalysts o Physical fit between enzyme and substrate (substance being catalyzed) o Active site- folds o Slight change in shape weakens chemical bonds o Enzymes ...
Medical Biology Cellular Metabolism
... Cellular metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life. Cellular metabolism involves complex sequences of controlled biochemical reactions. These processes allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to ...
... Cellular metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life. Cellular metabolism involves complex sequences of controlled biochemical reactions. These processes allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to ...
Cellular Energy
... • Which kind of respiration produces more ATP’s – fermentation or the kind that uses oxygen? • Cellular respiration with oxygen (in mitochondria) produces much more energy (ATP’s) ...
... • Which kind of respiration produces more ATP’s – fermentation or the kind that uses oxygen? • Cellular respiration with oxygen (in mitochondria) produces much more energy (ATP’s) ...
Biol 178 Lecture 13
... • Electrostatic repulsion of phosphates Unstable (low AE to break the bonds). • ATP ADP + Pi + Energy (7.3 kcal/mole). ...
... • Electrostatic repulsion of phosphates Unstable (low AE to break the bonds). • ATP ADP + Pi + Energy (7.3 kcal/mole). ...
Electron Transport System – oxidative phosphorylation
... decomposing a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide. Thus, the carbon dioxide produced by respiration represents fragments of oxidized organic molecules. Some of the steps of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle are ___________ reactions in which ________________ enzymes transfer electrons from substra ...
... decomposing a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide. Thus, the carbon dioxide produced by respiration represents fragments of oxidized organic molecules. Some of the steps of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle are ___________ reactions in which ________________ enzymes transfer electrons from substra ...
Chapter 9 - Cellular Respiration
... A. fermentation – partial degradation of sugars without oxygen (anaerobic respiration_ B. Aerobic respiration – oxygen is consumed as reactant along with organic fuel (glucose) C. Cellular respiration is the enzymatic breakdown of glucose (C6H12O6) in the presence of oxygen (O2) to produce cellular ...
... A. fermentation – partial degradation of sugars without oxygen (anaerobic respiration_ B. Aerobic respiration – oxygen is consumed as reactant along with organic fuel (glucose) C. Cellular respiration is the enzymatic breakdown of glucose (C6H12O6) in the presence of oxygen (O2) to produce cellular ...
Carbohydrate and sugar structure
... participates in the reduction of pyruvate to lactate (using NADH) while type H [heart muscle] catalyzes the reverse reaction. ...
... participates in the reduction of pyruvate to lactate (using NADH) while type H [heart muscle] catalyzes the reverse reaction. ...
Bio 210 Cell Chemistry Lecture 8 “Glycolysis”
... Chemical energy from reduced NADH is usually released by the processes of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation, which we will describe in more detail shortly. Essentially what happens is the electrons and protons are passed from reduced NADH through a series of electron carriers and ulti ...
... Chemical energy from reduced NADH is usually released by the processes of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation, which we will describe in more detail shortly. Essentially what happens is the electrons and protons are passed from reduced NADH through a series of electron carriers and ulti ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.