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... • Cortisol alters metabolism by changing the kinds and amounts of certain enzymes synthesized in its target cell. • Cortisol restore blood glucose level and increase glycogen stores • Cortisol – Increase adipose tissue fatty acids release from stored TAGs – Increase muscle protein breakdown and expo ...
... • Cortisol alters metabolism by changing the kinds and amounts of certain enzymes synthesized in its target cell. • Cortisol restore blood glucose level and increase glycogen stores • Cortisol – Increase adipose tissue fatty acids release from stored TAGs – Increase muscle protein breakdown and expo ...
2009 Dental Biochemistry (Questions)
... Carbon atoms derived from phenylalanine or tyrosine can become those of acetoacetate. Acetoacetate is A) virtually absent in the blood of the uncontrolled diabetic. B) readily oxidized in the brain in response to excessive intake of carbohydrates. C) the “ketone body” that can be converted into the ...
... Carbon atoms derived from phenylalanine or tyrosine can become those of acetoacetate. Acetoacetate is A) virtually absent in the blood of the uncontrolled diabetic. B) readily oxidized in the brain in response to excessive intake of carbohydrates. C) the “ketone body” that can be converted into the ...
chapt07_lecture - Globe
... • The energy for living is obtained by breaking down the organic molecules originally produced in plants the energy invested in building the organic molecules is retrieved by stripping away electrons and using them to make ATP this process is called cellular respiration What About Fat Cells? A ...
... • The energy for living is obtained by breaking down the organic molecules originally produced in plants the energy invested in building the organic molecules is retrieved by stripping away electrons and using them to make ATP this process is called cellular respiration What About Fat Cells? A ...
Lecture 8
... Respiration is a redox reaction that processes energy in a form usable by an organism, chiefly the process of producing ATP. It employs an electron transport chain, with inorganic molecules other than oxygen used as a final electron acceptor. ...
... Respiration is a redox reaction that processes energy in a form usable by an organism, chiefly the process of producing ATP. It employs an electron transport chain, with inorganic molecules other than oxygen used as a final electron acceptor. ...
Chapter 3
... • Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) – Completes the oxidation of substrates – Produces NADH and FADH to enter the electron transport chain ...
... • Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) – Completes the oxidation of substrates – Produces NADH and FADH to enter the electron transport chain ...
Respiration 1 PDF
... • Oxidation = loss of e- from one substance • Reduction = addition of e- to another substance • Na + Cl → Na+ + Cl• Na is the reducing agent (donates an e- to CL) • Cl is the oxidizing agent (removes an e- from Na) ...
... • Oxidation = loss of e- from one substance • Reduction = addition of e- to another substance • Na + Cl → Na+ + Cl• Na is the reducing agent (donates an e- to CL) • Cl is the oxidizing agent (removes an e- from Na) ...
A. Cellular Physiology a. Describe the cell membrane and its
... Anaerobic metabolism relies on the Embden-Meyerhof pathway only, yielding 4 ATP per glucose molecule less one for the phosphorylation of fructose 6-PO4 and one more if glucose 6-PO4 is generated from circulating glucose. The generation of NAD+ required is via the conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic ...
... Anaerobic metabolism relies on the Embden-Meyerhof pathway only, yielding 4 ATP per glucose molecule less one for the phosphorylation of fructose 6-PO4 and one more if glucose 6-PO4 is generated from circulating glucose. The generation of NAD+ required is via the conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic ...
ch4 reading guide
... 6. The citric acid cycle begins when ____________________________________ to form ___________________________________________________________ 7. In the cycle, citric acid is changed ____________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 8. The cycle r ...
... 6. The citric acid cycle begins when ____________________________________ to form ___________________________________________________________ 7. In the cycle, citric acid is changed ____________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 8. The cycle r ...
Fermentation - Sacred Heart Academy
... • Fermentation is a way of harvesting chemical energy that does not require oxygen. Fermentation – takes advantage of glycolysis, – produces two ATP molecules per glucose, and – reduces NAD+ to NADH. ...
... • Fermentation is a way of harvesting chemical energy that does not require oxygen. Fermentation – takes advantage of glycolysis, – produces two ATP molecules per glucose, and – reduces NAD+ to NADH. ...
Lecture 22 – New HW assignment – Anaerobic metabolism (continued) – Other sugars
... Entner-Doudoroff pathway Although glycolysis is nearly universal, some bacteria use an alternate route called the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Final product is ethanol. ...
... Entner-Doudoroff pathway Although glycolysis is nearly universal, some bacteria use an alternate route called the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Final product is ethanol. ...
Test # 1
... Concerning the biosynthesis of urea by mammalian liver, each of the following statements is correct EXCEPT A. The first nitrogen atom entering the urea cycle does so in the form of carbamoyl phosphate. B. The second nitrogen atom entering the urea cycle is supplied by the amino group of aspartate. C ...
... Concerning the biosynthesis of urea by mammalian liver, each of the following statements is correct EXCEPT A. The first nitrogen atom entering the urea cycle does so in the form of carbamoyl phosphate. B. The second nitrogen atom entering the urea cycle is supplied by the amino group of aspartate. C ...
Chapter 9 – Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... The Principle of Redox The transfer of electrons (e-) is a process called oxidation – reduction, or redox reactions. The loss of electrons is called oxidation, and the gain of electrons is called reduction (see diagram reaction page 164, and Figure 9.3). A reducing agent is the one that will give up ...
... The Principle of Redox The transfer of electrons (e-) is a process called oxidation – reduction, or redox reactions. The loss of electrons is called oxidation, and the gain of electrons is called reduction (see diagram reaction page 164, and Figure 9.3). A reducing agent is the one that will give up ...
Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
... • Glycolysis breaks a six-carbon glucose into two three-carbon molecules – These molecules then donate high energy electrons to NAD+, forming NADH ...
... • Glycolysis breaks a six-carbon glucose into two three-carbon molecules – These molecules then donate high energy electrons to NAD+, forming NADH ...
Chapter 7: PowerPoint
... transferring a phosphate directly to ADP from another molecule 2. oxidative phosphorylation – use of ATP synthase and energy derived from a proton (H+) gradient to make ATP ...
... transferring a phosphate directly to ADP from another molecule 2. oxidative phosphorylation – use of ATP synthase and energy derived from a proton (H+) gradient to make ATP ...
fat-soluble
... leading to premature breakdown of lipases. 2. The first step in amino acid catabolism requires a coenzyme derivative of B6. 3. B6 deficiency is critical to later steps of amino ...
... leading to premature breakdown of lipases. 2. The first step in amino acid catabolism requires a coenzyme derivative of B6. 3. B6 deficiency is critical to later steps of amino ...
Chapter 25 - FacultyWeb
... leading to premature breakdown of lipases. 2. The first step in amino acid catabolism requires a coenzyme derivative of B6. 3. B6 deficiency is critical to later steps of amino ...
... leading to premature breakdown of lipases. 2. The first step in amino acid catabolism requires a coenzyme derivative of B6. 3. B6 deficiency is critical to later steps of amino ...
Seminar II
... in the inner membrane. Electron flow is accompanied by proton transfer across the membrane, producing both a chemical gradient (ΔpH ) and an electrical gradient (Δψ). The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to protons; protons can reenter the matrix only through proton-specific channels (Fo) ...
... in the inner membrane. Electron flow is accompanied by proton transfer across the membrane, producing both a chemical gradient (ΔpH ) and an electrical gradient (Δψ). The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to protons; protons can reenter the matrix only through proton-specific channels (Fo) ...
Solutions to 7.014 Quiz I
... No. Culture A derives all of its energy from glycolysis, while culture B derives additional energy (ATP) from Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. ii) Will one culture run out of food faster? If yes, state which culture, and explain why. If no, explain why not. Yes. Because culture A derives a ...
... No. Culture A derives all of its energy from glycolysis, while culture B derives additional energy (ATP) from Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. ii) Will one culture run out of food faster? If yes, state which culture, and explain why. If no, explain why not. Yes. Because culture A derives a ...
Cellular Respiration
... than the products contain at the end of the reaction. (i.e: energy is released.) ...
... than the products contain at the end of the reaction. (i.e: energy is released.) ...
Ch. 9 - Ltcconline.net
... CAC cycle completes oxidation of organic fuels, generates many molecules of NADH and FADH2 1. Coenzyme A helps 2C chain get into the cycle 2. each of these steps is catalyzed by a specific enzyme 3. the electrons are split off and used to reduce an electron carrier, the Cs are cast out as CO2 4. CAC ...
... CAC cycle completes oxidation of organic fuels, generates many molecules of NADH and FADH2 1. Coenzyme A helps 2C chain get into the cycle 2. each of these steps is catalyzed by a specific enzyme 3. the electrons are split off and used to reduce an electron carrier, the Cs are cast out as CO2 4. CAC ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... nuclear weapons production decades ago. The bacteria's cleaning power comes from their ability to "inhale" toxic metals and "exhale" them in a non-toxic form, explains team member Brian Lower, assistant professor in the School of Environment and Natural Resources at Ohio State University. Using a un ...
... nuclear weapons production decades ago. The bacteria's cleaning power comes from their ability to "inhale" toxic metals and "exhale" them in a non-toxic form, explains team member Brian Lower, assistant professor in the School of Environment and Natural Resources at Ohio State University. Using a un ...
Cellular Respiration
... Contains 4 protein-based complexes that work in sequence moving H+ from the matrix across the inner membrane (proton pumps) Energized e- & H+ from the 10 NADH2 and 2 FADH2 (produced during glycolysis & Krebs cycle) are transferred to O2 to produce H2O (redox reaction) O2 + 4e- + 4H+ 2H2O ...
... Contains 4 protein-based complexes that work in sequence moving H+ from the matrix across the inner membrane (proton pumps) Energized e- & H+ from the 10 NADH2 and 2 FADH2 (produced during glycolysis & Krebs cycle) are transferred to O2 to produce H2O (redox reaction) O2 + 4e- + 4H+ 2H2O ...
5.Amino acids
... rod capable of growing on a simple mineral salt medium with glucose, provided that biotin is also added. Production of L-glutamic acid by C. glutamicum is maximal at a critical biotin concentration of 0.5 mg g-1 of dry cells, which is suboptimal for growth Detergents like Tween-40, addition of penic ...
... rod capable of growing on a simple mineral salt medium with glucose, provided that biotin is also added. Production of L-glutamic acid by C. glutamicum is maximal at a critical biotin concentration of 0.5 mg g-1 of dry cells, which is suboptimal for growth Detergents like Tween-40, addition of penic ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.