Unit 2 Metabolism and Survival Summary
... (a) In respiration, glucose is broken down, hydrogen ions and electrons are removed by dehydrogenase enzymes and ATP is released. (b) The role of ATP is to transfer of energy and to phosphorylate molecules in respiration. (c) Cellular respiration is a metabolic pathway. The breakdown of glucose to p ...
... (a) In respiration, glucose is broken down, hydrogen ions and electrons are removed by dehydrogenase enzymes and ATP is released. (b) The role of ATP is to transfer of energy and to phosphorylate molecules in respiration. (c) Cellular respiration is a metabolic pathway. The breakdown of glucose to p ...
Honors Biology Ch. 6 Cellular Respiration Notes Opening Essay
... Describe the evolutionary history of glycolysis. Gycolysis exists in nearly all organisms- it evolved early and was passed down ...
... Describe the evolutionary history of glycolysis. Gycolysis exists in nearly all organisms- it evolved early and was passed down ...
Unit 2 Metabolism and Survival Summary
... glucose to pyruvate in the cytoplasm is called glycolysis. The phosphorylation of intermediates in glycolysis in an energy investment phase leading to the direct generation of more ATP in an energy pay-off stage giving a net gain of ATP. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is broken down to an acety ...
... glucose to pyruvate in the cytoplasm is called glycolysis. The phosphorylation of intermediates in glycolysis in an energy investment phase leading to the direct generation of more ATP in an energy pay-off stage giving a net gain of ATP. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is broken down to an acety ...
Energy - My CCSD
... D. Every enzyme catalyzes only one reaction or one type of reaction E. Enzymes …. 1. break down toxins (a lot in liver) 2. speed up digestion ...
... D. Every enzyme catalyzes only one reaction or one type of reaction E. Enzymes …. 1. break down toxins (a lot in liver) 2. speed up digestion ...
ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration Powerpoint
... Anaerobic respiration is respiration without oxygen; the process uses a respiratory electron transport Definition Aerobic respiration uses oxygen chain but does not use oxygen as the electron acceptors ...
... Anaerobic respiration is respiration without oxygen; the process uses a respiratory electron transport Definition Aerobic respiration uses oxygen chain but does not use oxygen as the electron acceptors ...
How Cells Harvest Energy
... transferring a phosphate directly to ADP from another molecule 2. oxidative phosphorylation – use of ATP synthase and energy derived from a proton (H+) gradient to make ATP ...
... transferring a phosphate directly to ADP from another molecule 2. oxidative phosphorylation – use of ATP synthase and energy derived from a proton (H+) gradient to make ATP ...
Respiration Respiration Respiration
... ΔG can be even higher than this in a cell This large amount of energy must be released in small steps rather than all at once. ...
... ΔG can be even higher than this in a cell This large amount of energy must be released in small steps rather than all at once. ...
BIO 212 SI Kukday--Energetics (2) Review 2/7
... Dr. Kukday’s “Can You?” Questions (Highlighted ones are addressed in this worksheet, you will need to address the ones that aren’t highlighted on your own time): Paralysis Case: 1.) Can you identify types of enzyme regulation (emphasis on feedback inhibition)? 2.) Can you predict the consequences o ...
... Dr. Kukday’s “Can You?” Questions (Highlighted ones are addressed in this worksheet, you will need to address the ones that aren’t highlighted on your own time): Paralysis Case: 1.) Can you identify types of enzyme regulation (emphasis on feedback inhibition)? 2.) Can you predict the consequences o ...
Cellular Respiration
... Chemical Energy and ATP ATP energy uses: - cellular activities: active transport, protein synthesis - muscle contraction Most cells have only a small amount of ATP, because it is ...
... Chemical Energy and ATP ATP energy uses: - cellular activities: active transport, protein synthesis - muscle contraction Most cells have only a small amount of ATP, because it is ...
SADDLEBACK COLLEGE BIOLOGY 20 EXAMINATION 2 STUDY
... • know the factors that influence enzymatic activity including feedback regulation • Cellular respiration (Chapter 6): understand why we need O2 and why we exhale CO2 • Aerobic versus anaerobic metabolism • glycolysis – runs with or without oxygen. where does it take place, what goes in and what com ...
... • know the factors that influence enzymatic activity including feedback regulation • Cellular respiration (Chapter 6): understand why we need O2 and why we exhale CO2 • Aerobic versus anaerobic metabolism • glycolysis – runs with or without oxygen. where does it take place, what goes in and what com ...
Cellular Respiration Review
... proton gradient This gradient is equivalent to a pH gradient or an electrical gradient with lots of potential energy These hydrogen ions eventually want to come back across the inner membrane but can do so only by passing via a special protein channel called ATP synthase ADP +Pi are sitting on ...
... proton gradient This gradient is equivalent to a pH gradient or an electrical gradient with lots of potential energy These hydrogen ions eventually want to come back across the inner membrane but can do so only by passing via a special protein channel called ATP synthase ADP +Pi are sitting on ...
Biosynthesis of non-amino acids from amino acid precursors
... lower Km than for degrative enzyme. Insure proteins made before AA are degraded for energy storage. High levels activate first enzyme of pathway ...
... lower Km than for degrative enzyme. Insure proteins made before AA are degraded for energy storage. High levels activate first enzyme of pathway ...
Cellular Respiration 2
... Hydrogen gradient needs to reach equilibrium – H+ can only pass through ATP synthase molecule ...
... Hydrogen gradient needs to reach equilibrium – H+ can only pass through ATP synthase molecule ...
Cellular Respiration Study Guide NAME
... 42. Enzyme that is regenerated in the first step of the Krebs cycle ...
... 42. Enzyme that is regenerated in the first step of the Krebs cycle ...
lect11
... synthesis of glucose from a variety of non-carbohydrate metabolites lactate, glycerol and the carbon skeletons of certain amino acids can all be used as substrates (propionyl-CoA can also be used) ...
... synthesis of glucose from a variety of non-carbohydrate metabolites lactate, glycerol and the carbon skeletons of certain amino acids can all be used as substrates (propionyl-CoA can also be used) ...
Lecture 23 – SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION: G
... Identify features of the H4 isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase that makes it different from the M4 isozyme. H4 has a high affinity (or low Km) for lactate H4 is inhibited by pyruvate H4 found in heart not anaerobic skeletal muscle Intravenous infusion of fructose into healthy volunteers increases lact ...
... Identify features of the H4 isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase that makes it different from the M4 isozyme. H4 has a high affinity (or low Km) for lactate H4 is inhibited by pyruvate H4 found in heart not anaerobic skeletal muscle Intravenous infusion of fructose into healthy volunteers increases lact ...
Selected Solutions to End of Chapter 17 Problems
... c. Which is the long distance flyer? Pigeon. Both birds spend time on the ground, but pigeon can go the distance in air on their fat. Pheasant can have powerful, but short distance flight on glycogen. d. Why were these enzymes selected for this problem, what do they have in common? They are all regu ...
... c. Which is the long distance flyer? Pigeon. Both birds spend time on the ground, but pigeon can go the distance in air on their fat. Pheasant can have powerful, but short distance flight on glycogen. d. Why were these enzymes selected for this problem, what do they have in common? They are all regu ...
SB3a
... –glycolysis splits glucose and the products enter fermentation –energy from NADH is used to split pyruvate into an alcohol and carbon dioxide –NADH is changed back into NAD+ –NAD+ is recycled to glycolysis Alcoholic Fermentation is used in food production by yeast and microorganisms to produce: Lact ...
... –glycolysis splits glucose and the products enter fermentation –energy from NADH is used to split pyruvate into an alcohol and carbon dioxide –NADH is changed back into NAD+ –NAD+ is recycled to glycolysis Alcoholic Fermentation is used in food production by yeast and microorganisms to produce: Lact ...
BIO 101
... 26. What is the most common lipid consumed by humans? 27. Before energy can be obtained from a fat molecule, what must first happen to it? 28. What metabolic pathways are involved in the complete oxidation of a free fatty acid? ...
... 26. What is the most common lipid consumed by humans? 27. Before energy can be obtained from a fat molecule, what must first happen to it? 28. What metabolic pathways are involved in the complete oxidation of a free fatty acid? ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.