Introduction to Cellular Respiration •ATP is needed in order for cells
... The Krebs cycle completes the oxidation of organic fuel, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules •Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. •There are 8 chemical steps, the net result which is to disassemble one two-carbon acetyl CoA into two CO2 molecules. •Each step involves a different enzyme. ...
... The Krebs cycle completes the oxidation of organic fuel, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules •Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. •There are 8 chemical steps, the net result which is to disassemble one two-carbon acetyl CoA into two CO2 molecules. •Each step involves a different enzyme. ...
Introduction to Cellular Respiration •ATP is needed in order for cells
... The Krebs cycle completes the oxidation of organic fuel, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules •Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. •There are 8 chemical steps, the net result which is to disassemble one two-carbon acetyl CoA into two CO2 molecules. •Each step involves a different enzyme. ...
... The Krebs cycle completes the oxidation of organic fuel, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules •Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. •There are 8 chemical steps, the net result which is to disassemble one two-carbon acetyl CoA into two CO2 molecules. •Each step involves a different enzyme. ...
Cellular Respiration
... is shown, but the actual amount yielded per glucose is twice what is shown - CO2 is a byproduct of dehydrogenase working (sometimes) - The ATP produced is actually GTP, or guanosine triphosphate, a similar, energy-rich molecule that can also be used to do work (but eh same thing) - ATP is generated ...
... is shown, but the actual amount yielded per glucose is twice what is shown - CO2 is a byproduct of dehydrogenase working (sometimes) - The ATP produced is actually GTP, or guanosine triphosphate, a similar, energy-rich molecule that can also be used to do work (but eh same thing) - ATP is generated ...
2.2 cellular respiration: the details
... glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the Krebs cycle and carry it to power ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation. NAD+ is used to shuttle electrons to the first component of the electron transport chain. During oxidative phosphorylation, NAD+ removes two hydrogen atoms from a part of the origina ...
... glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the Krebs cycle and carry it to power ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation. NAD+ is used to shuttle electrons to the first component of the electron transport chain. During oxidative phosphorylation, NAD+ removes two hydrogen atoms from a part of the origina ...
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration (working)
... • The citric acid cycle, also called the Krebs cycle, takes place within the mitochondrial matrix • The cycle oxidizes organic fuel derived from pyruvate, generating 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 per turn • Remember – Two turns take place for each 1 molecule of glucose, therefore a total of 2ATP, 6 NA ...
... • The citric acid cycle, also called the Krebs cycle, takes place within the mitochondrial matrix • The cycle oxidizes organic fuel derived from pyruvate, generating 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 per turn • Remember – Two turns take place for each 1 molecule of glucose, therefore a total of 2ATP, 6 NA ...
Cellular Respiration
... provide useful energy for the cell. Enzymes catalyze the oxidation reactions. These reactions are known as catabolic reactions because they break molecules down to release energy. Anaerobic respiration The first part of respiratory pathways in the cell is anaerobic. This term means that oxygen is no ...
... provide useful energy for the cell. Enzymes catalyze the oxidation reactions. These reactions are known as catabolic reactions because they break molecules down to release energy. Anaerobic respiration The first part of respiratory pathways in the cell is anaerobic. This term means that oxygen is no ...
Chapter 6: Metabolism of Microorganisms
... • The Krebs cycle is also called the citric acid cycle • Before entering the Krebs cycle, enzymes • remove a carbon from each pyruvate molecule • combine the carbon with coenzyme A (CoA) to form acetyl-CoA – This releases 2 NADH and 2 CO2 • The Krebs cycle is like a constantly turning wheel • pickin ...
... • The Krebs cycle is also called the citric acid cycle • Before entering the Krebs cycle, enzymes • remove a carbon from each pyruvate molecule • combine the carbon with coenzyme A (CoA) to form acetyl-CoA – This releases 2 NADH and 2 CO2 • The Krebs cycle is like a constantly turning wheel • pickin ...
Chapter 8
... • The cycle oxidizes acetyl CoA (the organic fuel derived from pyruvate), generating the following per one turn of the cycle: – 1 ATP – 3 NADH ...
... • The cycle oxidizes acetyl CoA (the organic fuel derived from pyruvate), generating the following per one turn of the cycle: – 1 ATP – 3 NADH ...
8.3 The Process of Photosynthesis I. Light Dependent Reactions
... Photosynthesis involves 2 sets of reactions: light dependent and light independent The light dependent reactions use energy from sunlight to produce oxygen and convert ADP and NADP+ into the energy carriers ATP and NADPH Light dependent reactions occur in the thylakoids of chloroplasts which contain ...
... Photosynthesis involves 2 sets of reactions: light dependent and light independent The light dependent reactions use energy from sunlight to produce oxygen and convert ADP and NADP+ into the energy carriers ATP and NADPH Light dependent reactions occur in the thylakoids of chloroplasts which contain ...
2. Pyruvate Oxidation
... adding/removal of a phosphate group (PO4). Carboxylation/Decarboxylation – The adding/removal of a carbon. Hydration/Dehydration - The adding/removal of a ...
... adding/removal of a phosphate group (PO4). Carboxylation/Decarboxylation – The adding/removal of a carbon. Hydration/Dehydration - The adding/removal of a ...
SURVEY OF BIOCHEMISTRY - Georgia Institute of Technology
... GAP Dehydrogenase Mechanism Phosphate Binding Pi ...
... GAP Dehydrogenase Mechanism Phosphate Binding Pi ...
File
... from the NADH end to the oxygen end. B. This investigation models the protein complexes in the electron transport chain as follows: The electrons are pulled in a direction toward molecules that are most electronegative and away from molecules that are least electronegative. In both this investigatio ...
... from the NADH end to the oxygen end. B. This investigation models the protein complexes in the electron transport chain as follows: The electrons are pulled in a direction toward molecules that are most electronegative and away from molecules that are least electronegative. In both this investigatio ...
File - Ms. Daley Science
... c) No, carbon dioxide is a waste product of animals only. d) No, plants take in only the waste products exhaled by animals. 9) A young relative of yours has never had much energy. He goes to a doctor for help and is sent to the hospital for some tests. There they discover his mitochondria can use on ...
... c) No, carbon dioxide is a waste product of animals only. d) No, plants take in only the waste products exhaled by animals. 9) A young relative of yours has never had much energy. He goes to a doctor for help and is sent to the hospital for some tests. There they discover his mitochondria can use on ...
In-Class Student Activity: Fate of carbon atoms during Cellular
... stage of the cycle where the A2 & B2 students will model pyruvate oxidation (let them have fun by throwing a third of each half apple into the air to represent release of CO2!). By the time the A3 and B3 students have finished, the glucose is completely oxidized (and apple pieces will be in all corn ...
... stage of the cycle where the A2 & B2 students will model pyruvate oxidation (let them have fun by throwing a third of each half apple into the air to represent release of CO2!). By the time the A3 and B3 students have finished, the glucose is completely oxidized (and apple pieces will be in all corn ...
Mader/Biology, 11/e – Chapter Outline
... NADH, and 2 FADH2. 11. Production of CO2 a. The six carbon atoms in the glucose molecule have become the carbon atoms of six CO2 molecules, two from the prep reaction and four from the citric acid cycle. C. The Electron Transport Chain 1. The electron transport chain (ETC) is located in the cristae ...
... NADH, and 2 FADH2. 11. Production of CO2 a. The six carbon atoms in the glucose molecule have become the carbon atoms of six CO2 molecules, two from the prep reaction and four from the citric acid cycle. C. The Electron Transport Chain 1. The electron transport chain (ETC) is located in the cristae ...
Concept Sheet for Semester 2 material - mvhs
... Tropisms – to light (where is auxin?); to gravity (how does plant grow?); to touch Phytochrome regulation of seed germination; red vs. far-red light; phytochrome switch Photoperiodism and control of flowering; short-day vs. long-day palnts Redox reactions – LEO, GER; where do electrons originate, wh ...
... Tropisms – to light (where is auxin?); to gravity (how does plant grow?); to touch Phytochrome regulation of seed germination; red vs. far-red light; phytochrome switch Photoperiodism and control of flowering; short-day vs. long-day palnts Redox reactions – LEO, GER; where do electrons originate, wh ...
Cellular Respiration
... glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle lose electrons, proton gradient The energy in each NADH molecule moves enough protons (H+) into the mitochondrial matrix to create 3 ATP 1 FADH2 2 ATP ...
... glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle lose electrons, proton gradient The energy in each NADH molecule moves enough protons (H+) into the mitochondrial matrix to create 3 ATP 1 FADH2 2 ATP ...
Bio07_TR_U03_CH09.QXD
... 3. In the presence of oxygen, how is the pyruvic acid produced in glycolysis used? ...
... 3. In the presence of oxygen, how is the pyruvic acid produced in glycolysis used? ...
Lecture_4_Glycolysis
... The reaction catalyzed by the mutase involves a phosphorylated enzyme intermediate and catalytic amounts of 2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate. ...
... The reaction catalyzed by the mutase involves a phosphorylated enzyme intermediate and catalytic amounts of 2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate. ...
Lecture 19
... participates in the reduction of pyruvate to lactate (using NADH) while type H [heart muscle] catalyzes the reverse reaction. •See Table 14-3 in the book for more examples. ...
... participates in the reduction of pyruvate to lactate (using NADH) while type H [heart muscle] catalyzes the reverse reaction. •See Table 14-3 in the book for more examples. ...
幻灯片 1
... and occupy distinct zones where the environmental conditions favour their specific activities. ...
... and occupy distinct zones where the environmental conditions favour their specific activities. ...
103 final review worksheet
... 36. What type of secondary structure predominates in -keratin? What type in keratin? 37. What is the primary type of cross-linking in secondary structure? 38. Describe the structure of collagen and explain what makes it so strong. ...
... 36. What type of secondary structure predominates in -keratin? What type in keratin? 37. What is the primary type of cross-linking in secondary structure? 38. Describe the structure of collagen and explain what makes it so strong. ...
Unit 2 Metabolism and Survival Summary
... (a) In respiration, glucose is broken down, hydrogen ions and electrons are removed by dehydrogenase enzymes and ATP is released. (b) The role of ATP is to transfer of energy and to phosphorylate molecules in respiration. (c) Cellular respiration is a metabolic pathway. The breakdown of glucose to p ...
... (a) In respiration, glucose is broken down, hydrogen ions and electrons are removed by dehydrogenase enzymes and ATP is released. (b) The role of ATP is to transfer of energy and to phosphorylate molecules in respiration. (c) Cellular respiration is a metabolic pathway. The breakdown of glucose to p ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.