AP Biology Chap 9 Reading Guide Cellular Respiration
... Concept 9.4 During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis 24. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two components: the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis. Referring to Figure 9.13, notice that each member of the electron transport chain is lower in ...
... Concept 9.4 During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis 24. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two components: the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis. Referring to Figure 9.13, notice that each member of the electron transport chain is lower in ...
AP Biology Question Set
... 47. The pH optimum of amylase is approximately 7. At that pH, the protein has the threedimensional shape to allow starch to bind to its active site and catalyze its hydrolysis. When it is at the stomach pH (approxi mately 2), the protein is denatured, and its three-dimensional shape and active site ...
... 47. The pH optimum of amylase is approximately 7. At that pH, the protein has the threedimensional shape to allow starch to bind to its active site and catalyze its hydrolysis. When it is at the stomach pH (approxi mately 2), the protein is denatured, and its three-dimensional shape and active site ...
Preparation of pyruvate for the citric acid cycle Recap 1. We have
... Aerobic conditions 1. Converts to acetyl CoA (by pyruvate dehydrogenase) for use in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (leads to more ATP production) 2. Converts to oxaloacetate , which can then shuttle into the synthesize glucose (can also be done from lactate) Anaerobic conditions 3. It i ...
... Aerobic conditions 1. Converts to acetyl CoA (by pyruvate dehydrogenase) for use in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (leads to more ATP production) 2. Converts to oxaloacetate , which can then shuttle into the synthesize glucose (can also be done from lactate) Anaerobic conditions 3. It i ...
oxidation, reduction, redox potential, citric acid cycle, respiratory
... Citric acid cycle is metabolic connection of catabolic degradation of saccharides, lipids and amino acids and its main aim is to produce reduced coenzymes for energy production. Citric acid cycle is localized in matrix and inner membrane of mitochondria and in one turn of cycle (processing 1 molecul ...
... Citric acid cycle is metabolic connection of catabolic degradation of saccharides, lipids and amino acids and its main aim is to produce reduced coenzymes for energy production. Citric acid cycle is localized in matrix and inner membrane of mitochondria and in one turn of cycle (processing 1 molecul ...
Cell Respiration (Smith 2010-11).
... II. An intermediate step before Krebs Cycle 1. Pyruvate from the cytoplasm enters the ...
... II. An intermediate step before Krebs Cycle 1. Pyruvate from the cytoplasm enters the ...
Answers
... During cellular respiration, glucose is stripped of its hydrogen atoms and electrons. These electrons provide a source of potential energy used to power the synthesis of ATP. During this process, substances are oxidized (lose electrons), while others are reduced (gain electrons) ...
... During cellular respiration, glucose is stripped of its hydrogen atoms and electrons. These electrons provide a source of potential energy used to power the synthesis of ATP. During this process, substances are oxidized (lose electrons), while others are reduced (gain electrons) ...
Document
... Mainly occurs in cytosol Some precursors are produced in mitochondria Takes place in liver and kidney Synthesis of glucose or glycogen from non carbohydrates like pyruvate, lactate glucogenic amino acids, glycerol and propionic acid Pathway involves steps of TCA cycle and reversal of glycolysis ...
... Mainly occurs in cytosol Some precursors are produced in mitochondria Takes place in liver and kidney Synthesis of glucose or glycogen from non carbohydrates like pyruvate, lactate glucogenic amino acids, glycerol and propionic acid Pathway involves steps of TCA cycle and reversal of glycolysis ...
nutritional terminology
... Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide. An electron carrier; derivative of niacin - vitamin B3. ...
... Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide. An electron carrier; derivative of niacin - vitamin B3. ...
View/Open - Oregon State University
... 1. Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway for the breakdown (catabolism) of glucose and related sugars. The pathway requires two ATPs to start the process and generates 4 ATPS (for a net of two ATPs) per glucose. Also generated during glycolysis are two NADH and two molecules of pyruvate. 2. The two NADH ...
... 1. Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway for the breakdown (catabolism) of glucose and related sugars. The pathway requires two ATPs to start the process and generates 4 ATPS (for a net of two ATPs) per glucose. Also generated during glycolysis are two NADH and two molecules of pyruvate. 2. The two NADH ...
complete week three vocabulary
... Free Energy-‐ the portion of a biological sytsem's energy that can be used for work G3P-‐ a carbon intermediate that is produced during from glucose and is then turned into pyruvate Glycolysis-‐ “gl ...
... Free Energy-‐ the portion of a biological sytsem's energy that can be used for work G3P-‐ a carbon intermediate that is produced during from glucose and is then turned into pyruvate Glycolysis-‐ “gl ...
Chapter 19 Lipid Metabolism
... Can synthesize fatty acids from sugars, some amino acids, and other fatty acids. →Fatty acids are synthesized from acetyl-CoA in the cytosol. The body synthesizes palmitic acid (16:0), and then modifies it to form other fatty acids. Synthesis of Palmitic Acid 8 acetyl-CoA + 7 ATP +14NADPH +14H+ → pa ...
... Can synthesize fatty acids from sugars, some amino acids, and other fatty acids. →Fatty acids are synthesized from acetyl-CoA in the cytosol. The body synthesizes palmitic acid (16:0), and then modifies it to form other fatty acids. Synthesis of Palmitic Acid 8 acetyl-CoA + 7 ATP +14NADPH +14H+ → pa ...
Introduction to Biotechnology
... -The phosphate group is transferred to GDP to form GTP (Guanosine triphospahte) and succinate. GTP donates a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP. Step 6: Succinate is oxidized to fumarate and FAD is reduced. - Two hydrogens are transferred to FAD to form FADH2. - The dehydrogenase that catalyzes this ...
... -The phosphate group is transferred to GDP to form GTP (Guanosine triphospahte) and succinate. GTP donates a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP. Step 6: Succinate is oxidized to fumarate and FAD is reduced. - Two hydrogens are transferred to FAD to form FADH2. - The dehydrogenase that catalyzes this ...
Lecture_6_TCA_Cycle
... Because the citric acid cycle provides precursors for biosynthesis, reactions to replenish the cycle components are required if the energy status of the cells changes. These replenishing reactions are called anaplerotic reactions. A prominent anaplerotic reaction is catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylas ...
... Because the citric acid cycle provides precursors for biosynthesis, reactions to replenish the cycle components are required if the energy status of the cells changes. These replenishing reactions are called anaplerotic reactions. A prominent anaplerotic reaction is catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylas ...
Ch 5
... • Does not use the Krebs cycle or ETC • Uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor ...
... • Does not use the Krebs cycle or ETC • Uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor ...
Photosynthesis (briefly) and Cellular Respiration (aerobic
... Electrons passed down ETC to O2 which accepts electrons & 4H+ to become 2 H2O (decreases H+ inside) ...
... Electrons passed down ETC to O2 which accepts electrons & 4H+ to become 2 H2O (decreases H+ inside) ...
Oxidation
... • Membranes of the grana contain electron carriers and hold the pigment enzymes & provide a large surface area for light dependent reactions to occur. ...
... • Membranes of the grana contain electron carriers and hold the pigment enzymes & provide a large surface area for light dependent reactions to occur. ...
Enzyme classification take home quiz:
... 4. removes the N-terminal amino acid from a polypeptide chain that is bonded to a proline 5. converts glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate 6. phosphorylation of D-galactose to D-galactose-1-phosphate 7. conversion of fat (triacylated glycerol) to a diacylglycerol and a free fatty acid 8. conv ...
... 4. removes the N-terminal amino acid from a polypeptide chain that is bonded to a proline 5. converts glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate 6. phosphorylation of D-galactose to D-galactose-1-phosphate 7. conversion of fat (triacylated glycerol) to a diacylglycerol and a free fatty acid 8. conv ...
1 Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism 2
... Pyruvic acid (from glycolysis) is oxidized and decarboxylated The Krebs Cycle Oxidation of acetyl CoA produces NADH and FADH2 The Electron Transport Chain A series of carrier molecules that are, in turn, oxidized and reduced as electrons are passed down the chain Energy released can be used to produ ...
... Pyruvic acid (from glycolysis) is oxidized and decarboxylated The Krebs Cycle Oxidation of acetyl CoA produces NADH and FADH2 The Electron Transport Chain A series of carrier molecules that are, in turn, oxidized and reduced as electrons are passed down the chain Energy released can be used to produ ...
Respiration
... The pyruvate is oxidatively decarboxylated by the multienzyme complex called the pyruvate dehydrogenase consisting of multiple copies of three enzymes ( E1. E2, E3 ) each with specific binding site for the substrate and different cofactors. Since this reaction links glycolysis with TCA it is also te ...
... The pyruvate is oxidatively decarboxylated by the multienzyme complex called the pyruvate dehydrogenase consisting of multiple copies of three enzymes ( E1. E2, E3 ) each with specific binding site for the substrate and different cofactors. Since this reaction links glycolysis with TCA it is also te ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.