Unit 2 - Part 1
... Reactions occur very slow on their own Enzymes speed up reactions 2. How are enzymes specific? They have a specific shape that only allows them to work on specific substrates. ...
... Reactions occur very slow on their own Enzymes speed up reactions 2. How are enzymes specific? They have a specific shape that only allows them to work on specific substrates. ...
Fulvic Acid - Prairie`s Edge Organics
... and vines. It can be applied with transplant solutions, dips, and all watering solutions. It can be applied to all soil types and pH ranges. It can be applied with most liquid fertilizers, and many pesticides, herbicides, and defoliants. Fulvic Acid Extract: ...
... and vines. It can be applied with transplant solutions, dips, and all watering solutions. It can be applied to all soil types and pH ranges. It can be applied with most liquid fertilizers, and many pesticides, herbicides, and defoliants. Fulvic Acid Extract: ...
Protists
... “More about what they are not… than what they are” CHARACTERISTICS EUKARYOTES that AREN’T animals, plants, or fungi Primarily unicellular (Paramecium, Euglena); Some colonial (Volvox); some multicellular (Seaweed) Cilia or flagella at some time in life cycle Kingdom is POLYPHYLETIC (from two or more ...
... “More about what they are not… than what they are” CHARACTERISTICS EUKARYOTES that AREN’T animals, plants, or fungi Primarily unicellular (Paramecium, Euglena); Some colonial (Volvox); some multicellular (Seaweed) Cilia or flagella at some time in life cycle Kingdom is POLYPHYLETIC (from two or more ...
1 - Wk 1-2
... and out of lipid depots. It does this through two mechanisms; - regulation of several lipase enzymes - activation of glucose transport into the fat cell via recruitment of glucosetransport protein 4 (GLUT4). ...
... and out of lipid depots. It does this through two mechanisms; - regulation of several lipase enzymes - activation of glucose transport into the fat cell via recruitment of glucosetransport protein 4 (GLUT4). ...
Topic 16 specification content - A
... I can explain how racemic mixtures (racemates) are formed and why they are optically inactive ...
... I can explain how racemic mixtures (racemates) are formed and why they are optically inactive ...
Fuel Metabolism PART 1: Structure and Function of Protein
... 8-D. Although heme is contained in the cytochromes of the electron transport chain, the protein globin is not present. 9-C. Thiamine pyrophosphate forms a covalent intermediate with the a-carbon of a-ketoglutarate. 10-D. Pyruvate dehydrogenase and a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase require four vitamins ...
... 8-D. Although heme is contained in the cytochromes of the electron transport chain, the protein globin is not present. 9-C. Thiamine pyrophosphate forms a covalent intermediate with the a-carbon of a-ketoglutarate. 10-D. Pyruvate dehydrogenase and a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase require four vitamins ...
Glycogen Metabolism Gluconeogenesis
... • In the “resting” state, Gα is bound to the Gβ-Gγ dimer. Gα contains the nucleotide binding site, holding GDP in the inactive form, and is the “warhead” of the G protein. At least 20 different forms of Ga exist in mammalian cells. • Binding of the extracellular signal by the GPCR causes it to under ...
... • In the “resting” state, Gα is bound to the Gβ-Gγ dimer. Gα contains the nucleotide binding site, holding GDP in the inactive form, and is the “warhead” of the G protein. At least 20 different forms of Ga exist in mammalian cells. • Binding of the extracellular signal by the GPCR causes it to under ...
1.18 Cellular Respiration
... matrix of a mitochondrion where, through a series of exergonic reactions involving oxygen, they are broken down into six molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) and six molecules of water. Because oxygen is used, this series of reactions is known as oxidative respiration. This process is also called the K ...
... matrix of a mitochondrion where, through a series of exergonic reactions involving oxygen, they are broken down into six molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) and six molecules of water. Because oxygen is used, this series of reactions is known as oxidative respiration. This process is also called the K ...
Eicosanoid Synthesis
... • The eicosanoids are considered "local hormones.“ • Eicosanoids have strong hormone-like actions in the tissues where they are produced They have specific effects on target cells close to their site of formation. They are rapidly degraded, so they are not transported to distal sites within the b ...
... • The eicosanoids are considered "local hormones.“ • Eicosanoids have strong hormone-like actions in the tissues where they are produced They have specific effects on target cells close to their site of formation. They are rapidly degraded, so they are not transported to distal sites within the b ...
03CAM 2011 - AP Bio Take 5
... C4 plants PHYSICALLY separate carbon fixation from Calvin cycle different cells to fix carbon vs. where Calvin cycle occurs store carbon in 4C compounds different enzyme to capture CO2 (fix carbon) ...
... C4 plants PHYSICALLY separate carbon fixation from Calvin cycle different cells to fix carbon vs. where Calvin cycle occurs store carbon in 4C compounds different enzyme to capture CO2 (fix carbon) ...
Finishing the Wine
... Traditionally used after barrel aging on mature tannins Reduced sulfur compounds Copper sulfate for H2S and mercaptans Yeast or inactivated yeast fining for low level sulfur compounds Reduless, copper-impregnated yeast cells for wide range of off-sulfur compounds Miscellaneous TCA from winery Casein ...
... Traditionally used after barrel aging on mature tannins Reduced sulfur compounds Copper sulfate for H2S and mercaptans Yeast or inactivated yeast fining for low level sulfur compounds Reduless, copper-impregnated yeast cells for wide range of off-sulfur compounds Miscellaneous TCA from winery Casein ...
4.6 Fermentation
... – The alcohol produced evaporates during baking – The yeast is killed by the heat. ...
... – The alcohol produced evaporates during baking – The yeast is killed by the heat. ...
... to regenerate ___________________ for use in _____________________ (name of a metabolic pathway). The lactate is usually converted to glucose in the __________________ (organ). Choice C: In the reaction that involves the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA would be called a ____________ ...
Gluconeogenesis - Creighton Chemistry Webserver
... 2pyr + 4ATP + 2GTP + 2NADH + 6H2O → Glc + 4ADP + 2GDP + 6Pi + 2NAD+ + 2H+ ...
... 2pyr + 4ATP + 2GTP + 2NADH + 6H2O → Glc + 4ADP + 2GDP + 6Pi + 2NAD+ + 2H+ ...
Bio 20 7.4 - Stirling School
... Yeast is added which will undergo fermentation. The bread will rise due to the release of Carbon dioxide. Alcohol is also produced Can you get drunk by eating bread? Alcohol is produced, but it evaporates upon baking. Don’t try to eat dough to get drunk!! It will make you ...
... Yeast is added which will undergo fermentation. The bread will rise due to the release of Carbon dioxide. Alcohol is also produced Can you get drunk by eating bread? Alcohol is produced, but it evaporates upon baking. Don’t try to eat dough to get drunk!! It will make you ...
Protein
... amino acids its basic properties and the carboxyl group gives amino acids its acidic properties. R represents a group called a side chain which varies from one amino acid to another. It distinguishes an amino acid as a weak acid or a weak base, and a hydrophile if the side-chain is polar or a hydrop ...
... amino acids its basic properties and the carboxyl group gives amino acids its acidic properties. R represents a group called a side chain which varies from one amino acid to another. It distinguishes an amino acid as a weak acid or a weak base, and a hydrophile if the side-chain is polar or a hydrop ...
Autotrophic growth on methanol by bacteria isolated from activated
... isomerization to fructose-6-phosphate. These reactions are catalysed by 3-hexulosephosphate synthase and phospho-3-hexuloisomerase, respectively [2,8]. The subsequent cleavage of fructose-6-phosphate leads to synthesis of (phospho)-trioses. The unique reactions of the ribulose bisphosphate cycle - p ...
... isomerization to fructose-6-phosphate. These reactions are catalysed by 3-hexulosephosphate synthase and phospho-3-hexuloisomerase, respectively [2,8]. The subsequent cleavage of fructose-6-phosphate leads to synthesis of (phospho)-trioses. The unique reactions of the ribulose bisphosphate cycle - p ...
Allosteric Enzymes
... Enzyme Specificity • absolute specificity: catalyzes the reaction of one unique substrate to a particular product (active site is rigid and best described by key and lock model) • relative specificity: catalyzes the reaction of structurally related substrates to give structurally related products ( ...
... Enzyme Specificity • absolute specificity: catalyzes the reaction of one unique substrate to a particular product (active site is rigid and best described by key and lock model) • relative specificity: catalyzes the reaction of structurally related substrates to give structurally related products ( ...
Cell Respiration
... • only about 2% of the energy available from the oxidation of glucose is captured as ATP • energy originally contained in glucose is still held in pyruvic acid ...
... • only about 2% of the energy available from the oxidation of glucose is captured as ATP • energy originally contained in glucose is still held in pyruvic acid ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.